Skip to main content
뒤로

Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Key Concepts

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/30

이 집합의 용어 (30)

  • Define human anatomy.

    Human anatomy is the study of the body and the relationship between body structures.

  • Define human physiology.

    Human physiology is the study of the body’s functions.

  • Why does anatomy rely heavily on memorization?

    Anatomy relies on memorization because of many terms for body parts, often using scientific (Latin) names that require memorization.

  • Why does physiology require conceptual understanding?

    Physiology requires understanding how body parts function and fit together, not just memorization.

  • How are anatomy and physiology interconnected?

    Understanding body parts (anatomy) is essential to learn their functions (physiology), and vice versa.

  • What is embryology?

    Embryology studies structures developing from fertilization to the 8th week in utero.

  • How does developmental biology differ from embryology?

    Developmental biology studies development until adult form, beyond the 8th week unlike embryology.

  • Define histology.

    Histology is the study of microscopic tissue structures.

  • What is surface anatomy and its clinical use?

    Surface anatomy is visualization and palpation of body surface structures, used clinically to examine pulses or deformities.

  • Define gross anatomy.

    Gross anatomy studies anatomical structures visible to the naked eye.

  • Compare systemic and regional anatomy.

    Systemic anatomy studies body systems; regional anatomy studies specific body regions including multiple systems.

  • What is pathological anatomy?

    Pathological anatomy studies structural changes from disease, aiding prevention and treatment.

  • Define system-specific physiology with example.

    System-specific physiology studies functions of specific systems, e.g., neurophysiology.

  • What does immunology study?

    Immunology studies how the body defends itself from disease.

  • Define pathophysiology and its relevance.

    Pathophysiology studies functional changes from disease and aging, important for understanding and treating conditions.

  • List the six levels of structural organization from smallest to largest.

    Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

  • What is the cellular level and why is it important?

    The cellular level is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

  • Define tissue, organ, and organ system levels.

    Tissues are groups of cells; organs are two or more tissues working together; organ systems are groups of organs functioning together.

  • Define metabolism.

    Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

  • Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism.

    Anabolism builds up molecules and requires energy; catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy.

  • Define homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions necessary for life.

  • What happens when homeostasis is disrupted?

    Disruption can cause imbalances leading to disease or death.

  • What is a feedback loop?

    A feedback loop is a change in a regulated variable that triggers effects influencing that variable.

  • Compare negative and positive feedback loops.

    Negative feedback reverses changes to restore homeostasis; positive feedback amplifies changes until an external stop.

  • List the five components of a negative feedback loop.

    Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response.

  • Give an example of a positive feedback loop.

    Blood clotting via platelets amplifies the response to injury.

  • Explain childbirth as a positive feedback loop.

    Baby's head stretches cervix (stimulus), nerves send signals (receptors) to brain (control center), uterus contracts (effector) via oxytocin release (response) until birth.

  • Define the principle of complementarity of structure and function.

    Form fits function; structure determines how an organ or cell works.

  • What is a gradient and why is it important?

    A gradient is a difference in concentration or pressure that drives physiological processes.

  • How do cells communicate?

    Cells use chemical messengers and electrical signals to coordinate responses.