뒤로Anatomy & Physiology: Chemistry of Life
02:13
이 집합의 용어 (28)
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains its original properties.
Protons (positively charged), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negatively charged).
Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
An element is a substance composed of one or more identical atoms with the same number of protons (atomic number).
Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18%), Hydrogen (10%), Nitrogen (3%).
An atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
An unstable isotope that releases energy as radiation, used in nuclear medicine.
A mixture is a physical combination of atoms; a molecule is a chemical combination of atoms with new properties.
Suspensions, colloids, and solutions.
An energy relationship or attractive force between atoms.
Atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.
Electrons are transferred between a metal and a nonmetal, forming charged ions that attract each other.
Electrons are shared between two or more nonmetal atoms; strongest type of chemical bond.
Nonpolar bonds share electrons equally; polar bonds share electrons unequally, creating partial charges.
Weak attractions between partially positive and negative atoms in polar molecules.
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create a 'web' that forms surface tension at air-water interfaces.
Any process where chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged.
Catabolic (break down), exchange (transfer atoms or electrons), and anabolic (build new bonds).
The energy required to start a chemical reaction by overcoming electron repulsion.
Enzymes lower activation energy and speed up reactions without being consumed.
Water acts as a solvent, absorbs heat, cushions structures, and lubricates surfaces.
Acids donate hydrogen ions (H+); bases accept hydrogen ions.
The negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration; lower pH is acidic, higher pH is basic.
Chemical systems that resist changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.
Ions from dissolved salts that conduct electricity and are essential for body functions.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
A monomer is a single subunit; polymers are large molecules made of many monomers linked together.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of the cell, providing energy for cellular processes.