뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Study Guide
3:38
이 집합의 용어 (29)
Viscosity increases resistance and decreases flow; higher mean arterial pressure increases flow; longer vessel length increases resistance and decreases flow; larger diameter decreases resistance and increases flow.
Flow rate is highest in large arteries and lowest in capillaries due to total cross-sectional area differences, allowing efficient exchange in capillaries.
Laminar flow is smooth and layered, minimizing resistance and allowing efficient blood flow through vessels.
Turbulent flow is chaotic, increases resistance, can cause murmurs, and reduces efficient blood flow.
Capillaries enable exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and body cells.
Capillary exchange is the movement of substances between blood and tissues via diffusion, filtration, and reabsorption.
Bulk flow is the movement of fluid and solutes together across capillary walls driven by pressure gradients.
Filtration is fluid movement out of capillaries; reabsorption is fluid movement back into capillaries.
About 35 mm Hg, pushing fluid out of capillaries.
Pressure from plasma proteins (mainly albumin) that pulls water into capillaries.
Outward pressure due to hydrostatic pressure exceeding osmotic pressure, causing filtration.
Hydrostatic pressure decreases from arteriole to venule end.
Colloidal osmotic pressure remains relatively constant along the capillary.
Inward pressure as osmotic pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure, causing reabsorption.
Excess fluid and proteins enter lymphatic vessels to be returned to circulation.
Edema is excess interstitial fluid causing swelling, caused by increased filtration, decreased reabsorption, or lymphatic obstruction.
Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues and organs, and red bone marrow.
Fluid balance, fat absorption, and immune defense.
Lymph flows from lymphatic capillaries to larger vessels, lymph nodes, trunks, ducts, and finally into veins.
Lymph capillaries have larger diameters, thinner walls, and closed ends; blood capillaries are continuous tubes.
Primary organs (red bone marrow, thymus) produce and mature lymphocytes; secondary organs (lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules) are sites of immune response.
Lymphatic organs are encapsulated; lymphoid tissues are not.
Site of blood cell production and B cell maturation; located in spongy bone.
Site of T cell maturation; located in the mediastinum.
Filter lymph, trap pathogens, and activate immune responses; located along lymphatic vessels.
Filters blood; red pulp removes old RBCs, white pulp contains immune cells; located in upper left abdomen.
Clusters of lymphoid tissue in mucous membranes (e.g., tonsils, Peyer's patches) that protect against pathogens.
WBCs undergo diapedesis triggered by chemical signals (cytokines) to exit blood vessels and enter tissues.
Inflammation isolates pathogens, recruits immune cells, and promotes tissue repair.