뒤로Anatomy & Physiology Foundations and Key Concepts
이 집합의 용어 (36)
The cardiovascular system transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.
The endocrine system produces hormones that regulate body processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting electrical signals.
The muscular system enables movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.
The integumentary system (skin) protects the body, regulates temperature, and prevents water loss.
The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens, helps regulate body temperature, and allows sensory perception.
Body standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward, and feet together.
Directional term meaning toward the midline of the body.
Directional term meaning away from the midline of the body.
Directional term meaning farther from the point of attachment or origin.
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
An electron has a negative charge.
A proton has a positive charge.
A neutron has no charge (neutral).
Bonds formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, creating charged ions.
Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds where electrons are shared equally between atoms.
Covalent bonds where electrons are shared unequally, causing partial charges.
Weak bonds between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.
Basic carbohydrate units like glucose and fructose used for energy.
Carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides linked together, e.g., sucrose.
Complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharides linked, e.g., glycogen and starch.
DNA stores genetic information used to build proteins and guide cell function.
Include the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and others.
Movement of substances across a membrane without energy, e.g., diffusion and osmosis.
Movement of substances across a membrane using energy (ATP) against a concentration gradient.
Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities, providing protection and absorption.
A body movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
A body movement that increases the angle between two body parts.
Bone cells responsible for building new bone tissue.
Bone cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue.
Muscles produce movement, maintain posture, and generate heat.
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
The synapse where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber to trigger contraction.
Controls the fight or flight response, increasing heart rate and energy availability.
A homeostatic mechanism that reverses a change to maintain balance.