Skip to main content
뒤로

Anatomy & Physiology I - Human Body Study Guide

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/34

이 집합의 용어 (34)

  • Difference between anatomy and physiology
    Anatomy is the study of structure; Physiology is the study of function.
  • Gross anatomy vs. microscopic anatomy
    Gross anatomy studies structures visible to the naked eye; Microscopic anatomy studies structures seen with a microscope.
  • Definition of cytology and histology
    Cytology is the study of cells; Histology is the study of tissues.
  • Examples of specialty studies of anatomy
    Developmental anatomy: study from conception to old age; Radiographic anatomy: structures visualized by specialized scanning like CT and PET.
  • Definition of pathological anatomy
    Study of structural changes caused by disease.
  • Essential tools for studying anatomy
    Anatomical terminology, Observation, Palpation, and Auscultation.
  • Examples of system physiology
    Cardiovascular physiology and Renal physiology study the function of whole organ systems.
  • Principle of complementarity of structure and function
    The structure of an organism determines its function.
  • Organizational hierarchy from atoms to organism
    Chemical (atoms/molecules) → Cellular (cells) → Tissue (similar cells) → Organ (2+ tissues) → Organ system (organs working together) → Organismal (all systems combined).
  • Functions necessary for life
    Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.
  • Maintaining boundaries function
    Separates internal and external environments; examples include skin and plasma membranes.
  • Movement in the body
    External movement: moving the body; Internal movement: movement of substances within cells like sodium and potassium ions.
  • Responsiveness
    Ability to sense and respond to stimuli, such as blood flow changes or withdrawal reflex.
  • Digestion
    Breakdown of food physically and chemically; absorption of simple molecules into the blood.
  • Metabolism and its types
    Metabolism includes all chemical reactions; Catabolism breaks down molecules; Anabolism builds molecules.
  • Excretion
    Removal of metabolic and digestive waste like urea, CO2, and feces.
  • Reproduction at cellular and organism levels
    Cellular: cell division for growth/repair; Organismal: production of offspring.
  • Growth
    Increase in size of a body part or the whole organism.
  • Main functions of the integumentary system
    Protects body, synthesizes vitamin D, houses receptors, and contains sweat and oil glands.
  • Functions of the skeletal system
    Protects organs, supports body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.
  • Functions of the muscular system
    Enables locomotion, facial expression, speech, breathing, digestion, and produces heat.
  • Functions of the nervous system
    Fast-acting control system responding to stimuli and acting on muscles, glands, and nerves.
  • Functions of the endocrine system
    Secretes hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
  • Functions of the cardiovascular system
    Pumps blood to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste.
  • Functions of the lymphatic system
    Supports immunity and returns fluids to the bloodstream.
  • Functions of the respiratory system
    Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood.
  • Functions of the digestive system
    Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates indigestible waste as feces.
  • Functions of the urinary (renal) system
    Eliminates nitrogenous waste and regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.
  • Five survival needs
    Nutrients, oxygen, water, body temperature, and atmospheric pressure.
  • Definition of homeostasis
    Dynamic equilibrium maintaining stable internal conditions necessary for life.
  • Components of a control mechanism
    Receptors detect stimuli, control center sets set point and processes info, effectors produce response.
  • Negative feedback
    Response reduces original stimulus to maintain homeostasis; example: body temperature regulation.
  • Positive feedback
    Response enhances original stimulus; example: childbirth contractions.
  • Which feedback controls homeostasis more?
    Negative feedback is the primary mechanism controlling homeostasis.