Skip to main content
뒤로

Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction and Chemical Level

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/20

이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is Anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

  • What is Physiology?

    Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.

  • What are the two main types of Anatomy based on levels of study?

    Gross Anatomy studies large structures visible to the naked eye, and Microscopic Anatomy studies small structures only visible through a microscope.

  • How are structure and function related in anatomy and physiology?

    Structure determines function; changes in protein shape can change their function, and anatomical features like branching increase surface area for absorption and exchange.

  • What is homeostasis and its components?

    Homeostasis is internal environment equilibrium involving a receptor (detects stimulus), control center (processes stimulus), and effector (responds to stimulus).

  • Describe the difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

    Positive feedback amplifies changes and can be out of control (e.g., blood clotting), while negative feedback regulates critical processes to maintain stability (e.g., temperature regulation).

  • List the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex.

    Atoms → Molecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism

  • What are the four basic life processes?

    Metabolism, Responsiveness, Movement, Growth, Development, Digestion, Excretion, and Reproduction.

  • What is metabolism and its two main types?

    Metabolism is the sum of all chemical processes; Anabolism builds large molecules, and Catabolism breaks down molecules.

  • Name the major human organ systems and one key function of each.

    Integumentary (protection), Muscular (movement), Nervous (response), Endocrine (hormones), Cardiovascular (transport), Lymphatic (infection defense), Respiratory (gas exchange), Digestive (nutrient absorption), Urinary (waste elimination), Reproductive (offspring production).

  • What are the three main body planes?

    Sagittal (left/right), Frontal (front/back), and Transverse (top/bottom) planes divide the body into sections.

  • Define the anatomical terms: superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior.

    Superior: toward the head; Inferior: away from the head; Anterior: front of the body; Posterior: back of the body.

  • What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

    Upper Right, Upper Left, Lower Right, and Lower Left quadrants used to locate organs.

  • What are the major body cavities and their locations?

    Cranial (head), Vertebral (spinal cord), Thoracic (chest), Abdominal (abdomen), and Pelvic (pelvis) cavities.

  • What is an atom and its main parts?

    An atom is the smallest unit of an element, consisting of protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative).

  • What are ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds?

    Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions; covalent bonds share electrons; hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between molecules like water.

  • What is the role of enzymes in the body?

    Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy and are highly specific to substrates.

  • Describe the four levels of protein structure.

    Primary: amino acid sequence; Secondary: alpha-helix or beta-sheet folding; Tertiary: 3D folding of one chain; Quaternary: interaction of multiple protein chains.

  • What are the characteristics and functions of water in the body?

    Water is a universal solvent, provides lubrication, cushions cells, regulates temperature, and participates in chemical reactions.

  • What is ATP and its significance?

    ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell, storing energy in phosphate bonds released during cellular activities.