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Anatomy & Physiology: The Human Body Orientation

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이 집합의 용어 (27)

  • What is Anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts

  • What is Physiology?

    Physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their functions

  • Define Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy.

    Gross Anatomy is the study of the structural features of the body without the aid of a microscope/visible to the naked eye

  • Define Microscopic Anatomy.

    Microscopic Anatomy studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye, such as cells and tissues

  • What is the Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function?

    All specific functions are performed by specific structures, and the form of a structure relates to its function

  • List the Levels of Structural Organization in the human body.

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal levels.

  • Name the 11 major organ systems of the human body.

    Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic (immunity), Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary/Excretory, and Reproductive systems.

  • What are the basic functions necessary to maintain life?

    Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

  • Define Homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • What is a Variable in homeostasis?

    A variable is any factor or condition that can change in the body, such as temperature or blood sugar.

  • What is the role of a Receptor in homeostasis?

    A receptor monitors changes in the environment and sends information to the control center.

  • What is the Control Center in homeostasis?

    The control center processes information from the receptor and determines the appropriate response.

  • What is an Effector in homeostasis?

    An effector carries out the response directed by the control center to adjust the variable.

  • Explain Negative Feedback Mechanism.

    Negative feedback reduces or shuts off the original stimulus to maintain homeostasis.

  • Explain Positive Feedback Mechanism.

    Positive feedback enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus, usually to complete a process.

  • What is Homeostatic Imbalance?

    Homeostatic imbalance occurs when the body’s control systems fail, leading to disease or disorder.

  • What is the Anatomical Position?

    The standard body position: standing upright, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

  • Define Superior (cranial) and Inferior (caudal).

    Superior means toward the head; Inferior means away from the head or toward the feet.

  • Define Anterior (ventral) and Posterior (dorsal).

    Anterior means toward the front; Posterior means toward the back of the body.

  • What do Medial, Lateral, and Intermediate mean?

    Medial is toward the midline; Lateral is away from the midline; Intermediate is between two structures.

  • Define Proximal and Distal.

    Proximal means closer to the origin of a body part; Distal means farther from the origin.

  • What are the three major body planes?

    Frontal (coronal), Sagittal (mid and para), and Transverse (horizontal) planes.

  • Name the major body cavities.

    Dorsal (cranial and vertebral) and Ventral (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic) cavities.

  • What are the subdivisions of the Thoracic cavity?

    Pleural cavities (lungs) and Pericardial cavity (heart).

  • What is the Abdominopelvic cavity?

    The combined abdominal and pelvic cavities containing digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs.

  • Name the nine abdominopelvic regions.

    Right and Left Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Right and Left Lumbar, Umbilical, Right and Left Iliac (inguinal), Hypogastric (pubic) regions.

  • What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

    Right Upper, Left Upper, Right Lower, and Left Lower Quadrants.