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Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1 Study Guide

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (30)

  • What is Anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of body structure, including gross anatomy, histology (tissues), and cytology (cells).

  • What is Physiology?

    Physiology is the study of body function and how the body parts work and carry out life-sustaining activities.

  • What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

    Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, data collection, analysis, conclusion, and communication.

  • Name the characteristics common to all living things.

    Organization, metabolism, growth, development, responsiveness, regulation, and reproduction.

  • List the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex.

    Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

  • What is the function of the integumentary system?

    Protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.

  • Describe the anatomical position.

    Body standing upright, facing forward, feet flat and slightly apart, arms at sides with palms facing forward.

  • Name the three main body planes.

    Sagittal (divides left and right), frontal/coronal (divides front and back), transverse (divides top and bottom).

  • What are anatomical directions?

    Terms like superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal used to describe locations on the body.

  • What are the major body cavities?

    Dorsal cavity (cranial and spinal) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic).

  • What is the function of serous fluid?

    Reduces friction between membranes lining body cavities and organs.

  • Name the nine abdominopelvic regions.

    Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac.

  • What is homeostasis?

    The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • What are the parts of a homeostatic control system?

    Receptor, control center, and effector.

  • Difference between negative and positive feedback?

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain stability; positive feedback amplifies a response.

  • What are atoms and their subatomic particles?

    Atoms are basic units of matter made of protons (+), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (-).

  • What is the Octet rule?

    Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.

  • Difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

    Ionic bonds form by transfer of electrons; covalent bonds form by sharing electrons.

  • What are nonpolar, polar, and amphipathic molecules?

    Nonpolar have equal electron sharing, polar have unequal sharing, amphipathic have both polar and nonpolar regions.

  • What are the building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids?

    Amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids/glycerol, and nucleotides respectively.

  • What is glycogenesis vs. glycogenolysis?

    Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen; glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen.

  • Name three molecules important for energy storage in the body.

    ATP, glycogen, and triglycerides (lipids).

  • Difference between potential and kinetic energy?

    Potential energy is stored energy; kinetic energy is energy of motion.

  • What are anabolic and catabolic reactions?

    Anabolic builds molecules and requires energy; catabolic breaks down molecules and releases energy.

  • Difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

    Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions require energy input.

  • What are redox reactions?

    Reactions involving the transfer of electrons: oxidation (loss) and reduction (gain).

  • Is ATP formation endergonic or exergonic?

    ATP formation is an endergonic process requiring energy input.

  • What is activation energy?

    The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

  • What is an enzyme-substrate complex?

    A temporary molecule formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate.

  • List the steps of enzyme action in order.

    Substrate binds enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex forms, reaction occurs, product released, enzyme is free to bind again.