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Appendicular and Axial Muscles of the Human Body

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  • Rotator cuff muscles

    The four muscles stabilizing the shoulder joint: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis.

  • Deltoid muscle

    A major shoulder muscle responsible for arm abduction, flexion, and extension.

  • Pectoralis major

    An anterior thoracic muscle that adducts and medially rotates the humerus.

  • Serratus anterior

    An anterior thoracic muscle that protracts and stabilizes the scapula.

  • Biceps brachii

    An anterior arm muscle that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

  • Triceps brachii

    The posterior arm muscle responsible for elbow extension.

  • Flexor carpi radialis

    An anterior forearm muscle that flexes and abducts the wrist.

  • Extensor digitorum muscles

    Posterior forearm muscles that extend the fingers and wrist.

  • Gluteus maximus

    The largest gluteal muscle, responsible for hip extension and external rotation.

  • Iliopsoas

    A hip flexor group formed by the Iliacus and Psoas major muscles.

  • Quadriceps group

    Anterior thigh muscles including Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius that extend the knee.

  • Hamstrings

    Posterior thigh muscles including Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus that flex the knee and extend the hip.

  • Tibialis anterior

    An anterior lower leg muscle that dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

  • Gastrocnemius

    A posterior lower leg muscle that plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee.

  • Muscles of facial expression

    Include Buccinator, Orbicularis oculi, Orbicularis oris, and Zygomaticus major among others, controlling facial movements.

  • Masseter muscle

    A muscle of mastication that elevates the mandible to close the jaw.

  • Sternocleidomastoid

    A major neck muscle that flexes and rotates the head.

  • Trapezius muscle

    A superficial back muscle that moves the scapula and supports the arm.

  • Erector spinae group

    Back muscles including Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis that extend the vertebral column.

  • Diaphragm

    The primary respiratory muscle that contracts to increase thoracic volume during inspiration.

  • Rectus abdominis

    An abdominal muscle that flexes the vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents.