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Appendicular Skeleton and Pelvic Differences - Anatomy & Physiology

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이 집합의 용어 (21)

  • What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
    The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula bones.
  • Name key features of the clavicle.
    The clavicle has a sternal end, acromial end, and a conoid tubercle.
  • Identify important landmarks on the scapula.
    Key scapula landmarks include the glenoid cavity, spine, acromion, coracoid process, and suprascapular notch.
  • What bones form the upper limb?
    The upper limb includes the humerus (arm), radius and ulna (forearm), and the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (hand).
  • List major features of the humerus.
    The humerus has a head, greater and lesser tubercles, anatomical and surgical necks, deltoid tuberosity, and epicondyles.
  • What distinguishes the radius from the ulna?
    The radius has a head, neck, radial tuberosity, and styloid process; the ulna has an olecranon process, trochlear notch, and styloid process.
  • How many carpal bones are there and how are they arranged?
    There are 8 carpal bones arranged in two irregular rows of four bones each.
  • What bones form the pelvic girdle?
    The pelvic girdle is formed by two hip bones (ossa coxae), each consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • Name key features of the ilium.
    The ilium includes the iliac crest, ala, anterior superior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, and auricular surface.
  • What are important landmarks of the ischium?
    The ischium has the ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, and ramus.
  • Describe the pubis bone features.
    The pubis includes the superior and inferior pubic rami, pubic symphysis, pubic crest, and pubic tubercle.
  • What bones make up the lower limb?
    The lower limb consists of the femur (thigh), patella, tibia and fibula (leg), and the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges (foot).
  • List key features of the femur.
    The femur has a head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, linea aspera, and medial and lateral condyles.
  • How can you differentiate the tibia from the fibula?
    The tibia is larger with medial and lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity, and medial malleolus; the fibula is thinner with a head and lateral malleolus.
  • What is the mnemonic to remember the carpal bones?
    Mnemonic: Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver’s Hand for Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
  • What is the mnemonic to remember the tarsal bones?
    Mnemonic: Tall Centers Never Take Shots From Corners for Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Third cuneiform, Second cuneiform, First cuneiform, Cuboid.
  • How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis in general structure?
    The female pelvis is tilted forward, has a broad, shallow true pelvis, and a broader pubic arch (80-90°) compared to the male pelvis.
  • Describe the differences in bone thickness between male and female pelvises.
    Female pelvic bones are lighter, thinner, and smoother; male pelvic bones are heavier, thicker with more prominent markings.
  • How do the pelvic inlet and outlet differ between sexes?
    The female pelvic inlet is wider and oval, and the outlet is wider with shorter ischial tuberosities; the male inlet is narrow and heart-shaped with a narrower outlet.
  • What are key sacrum differences between male and female pelvises?
    The female sacrum is wider, shorter with accentuated curvature; the male sacrum is narrower, longer and more ventrally curved.
  • How does the pubic arch angle differ between males and females?
    The female pubic arch angle is greater than 90°, while the male pubic arch angle is less than 90°.