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Chapter 1

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (28)

  • What determines the specific functions in the body?
    Specific functions are performed by specific structures; therefore, structure determines function.
  • What is microscopic anatomy?
    Microscopic anatomy studies structures that cannot be seen without magnification, using tools like light and electron microscopes.
  • What are the main types of microscopic anatomy?
    Cytology is the study of cells, and histology is the study of tissues.
  • What is gross anatomy?
    Gross anatomy studies structures visible to the unaided eye, including surface, regional, and systemic anatomy.
  • Name three other perspectives on anatomy.
    Developmental anatomy, clinical anatomy, and surgical anatomy are examples of other perspectives.
  • What are the four major elements making up 99% of the human body?
    Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen make up 99% of the body.
  • List the major classes of compounds in the human body.
    Water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • What are the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest?
    Chemical/molecular, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
  • What are the 11 organ systems of the human body?
    Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphoid, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
  • What is the function of the integumentary system?
    Protects from environmental hazards and controls body temperature.
  • What is the primary role of the skeletal system?
    Supports and protects soft tissues, stores minerals, and forms blood cells.
  • What functions does the muscular system provide?
    Allows locomotion, provides support, and produces heat.
  • What is the nervous system responsible for?
    Directs immediate responses to stimuli and coordinates activities of other organ systems.
  • What does the endocrine system regulate?
    Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.
  • What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
    Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.
  • What role does the lymphoid system play?
    Defends against infection and disease and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
  • What is the main function of the respiratory system?
    Delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs between air and circulating blood.
  • What does the digestive system do?
    Processes food and absorbs organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water.
  • What is the function of the urinary system?
    Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products; controls pH.
  • What is the role of the reproductive system?
    Produces sex cells and hormones.
  • What is the anatomical position?
    Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet flat, and face straight ahead.
  • Define supine and prone positions.
    Supine is lying face up; prone is lying face down.
  • What are the main body cavities in the ventral body cavity?
    Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity, separated by the diaphragm.
  • What protects and lubricates organs in the ventral body cavity?
    A two-layer membrane system called serous membranes.
  • Name the four abdominopelvic quadrants.
    Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ).
  • What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?
    Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, and hypogastric regions.
  • What directional terms describe toward the head and toward the feet?
    Superior (cranial) means toward the head; inferior (caudal) means toward the feet.
  • What do proximal and distal mean in anatomical terms?
    Proximal means closer to the point of attachment; distal means farther from the point of attachment.