뒤로Chapter 1 - Intro to A/P
이 집합의 용어 (55)
DOORS (reading)
Describe problem
Overview of chapter
Other chapters
Review findings
Synthesize info
Bring It Back
Mnemonics
Dual coding - text/figures together to consolidate info
Flash cards
Quizzes
Space It Out
Study on multiple days to build long-term memory (consolidation)
Mix It Up
Change techniques - shuffle flash cards, start with different chapters, etc.
Cells share:
Composition
Metabolism - anabolism (building), catabolism (breaking down)
Growth
Excretion
Responsiveness/Irritability
Movement
Reproduction
Levels of Organization
Chemical - atoms/molecules
Cellular - 2+ molecules
Tissue - 2+ cells
Organs - 2+ tissues
Organ Systems - 2+ organs
Organism
Organ Systems - 11
Integumentary
Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Endocrine
Muscular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive M/F
A/P Types
Superior/Inferior - toward head/tail (up/down)
Anterior/Posterior - front/back
Proximal/Distal - close/far point of origin
Medial/Lateral - close/far point of midline
Superficial/Deep - close/far from surface
Regional Terms
Sagittal - R/L - midsagittal (median) equal, parasagittal (unequal)
Frontal (coronal) - anterior/posterior split (front/back)
Transverse (horizontal/cross section) - superior/inferior in half
Oblique - at angle (rare)
Posterior Body Cavity
Thoracic - pleural, mediastinum, pericardial
Abdominopelvic - abdominal and pelvic (dig, lymph, uirin, repro systems)
*pleural, pericardial, peritoneal = serous membrane
*separated by diaphragm
4 quadrants AP cavity
RUQ - liver, gb, R kidney
LLQ - stomach, spleen, pancrease, L kidney
RLQ - appendix, ascending colon, R ovary/fallopian tube
LLQ - descending/sigmoid colon, L ovary/fallopian tube
9 regions AP cavity
R hypochondriac - liv, gb, kid
Epigastric - stom, liv, panc, duod, spleen, adr gl
L hypochondriac - spleen, col, kid, panc
R lumbar - gb, liver, R col
Umbilical - umb, pt sm int, duod
L lumbar - desc col, L kid
R iliac - app, cecum
Hypogastric - blad, sig col, F repro orgs
L iliac - desc/sig col
Parietal Layer
Outer layer serous membrane
Visceral Layer
Inner layer serous membrane
Core Principles A/P
Feedback loops
Relationship structure/function
Gradients
Cell-cell communication
Principle of Complementarity
form of structure is such that it best suits its function/structure relationship at all levels of organization
Cell-Cell Communication
Electric signals
Chemical messengers
SQ3R Method of Study
Survey - skim chapter/summary
Question - form questions
Read - active/take notes
Recite - out loud
Review
Integumentary System
Protect from external environment
Produce vitamin D
Retain H2O
Regulate body temp
Skeletal System
Support body
Protect internal organs
Provide leverage for movement
Produce blood cells
Store Ca salts
Muscle System
Produce movement
Control body openings
Generate heat
Nervous System
Regulate body function
Provide sensation, movement, automatic function, higher mental function (nervous impulse)
Endocrine System
Regulate body function
Regulate function of muscles, glands, tissue through hormone secretion
Cardiovascular System
Pump/deliver O2-poor blood to lungs and O2-rich blood to tissues
Remove waste from tissues
Transport cells, nutrients, other substances
Lymphatic System
Return excess fluid in tissues to CV sysstem
Provide immunity
Respiratory System
Deliver O2 to blood
Remove CO2 from body
Maintain acid-base balance of blood
Digestive System
Digest food
Absorb nutrients into blood
Remove food waste
Maintain fluids, electrolytes, acid-base balance
Urinary System
Remove metabolic waste from blood
Maintain fluids, electrolytes, acid-base balance
Stimulate blood cell production
Reprodutive System - M
Produce/transport sperm
Secrete hormones
Sexual function
Reproductive System - F
Produce/transport oocytes (eggs)
Site of fetal development, nourishment, birth, lactation
Secrete hormones
Sexual function
Inguinal
groin (between pelvic and pubic)
Vertebral
spinal column
Frontal
forehead
Mental
chin
Occipital
back of head
Acromial
shoulder
Antebrachial
inside forearm
Antecubital
inside bend of elbow
Axillary
armpit
Digital
fingers/toes
Manual
hand
Metacarpals
bones in hand
Pollex
thumb
Coxal
hip
Crural
anterior suface of leg
Metatarsals
bones of foot
Popliteal
posterior surface of knee
Sural
posterior surface of leg
Tarsal
ankle
Regulated Variables
Normal variable in homeostasis
Controlled Variables
Procedure manipulated to maintain regular variables in homeostasis
Negative Feedback Loop
Stimulate - body temp increased from normal
Receptor - detects increased body temp
Control Center - processes stimulate/detects increased temp
Effector/response - nerve cells stimulate sweat/release heat
Return to normal - body temp normal, stop response
Gradients
more of something in 1 area than another where they are connected
temperature
concentration
pressure
Anatomy
study of structure
Physiology
study of function