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이 집합의 용어 (28)
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
Study of the function of body parts and how they carry out life-sustaining activities.
Structure and function are inseparable; what a structure can do depends on its form.
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal levels forming a hierarchy of complexity.
Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous environmental changes, regulated by receptor, control center, and effector.
Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus to maintain homeostasis (e.g., body temperature regulation).
Response enhances original stimulus (e.g., blood clotting).
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away; standard reference for directional terms.
Toward the head or upper part of a structure; above (e.g., head is superior to abdomen).
Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure; below (e.g., navel is inferior to chin).
Toward or at the front of the body (e.g., breastbone is anterior to spine).
Toward or at the back of the body (e.g., heart is posterior to breastbone).
Toward or at the midline of the body (e.g., heart is medial to arm).
Away from the midline of the body (e.g., arms are lateral to chest).
Closer to the origin or point of attachment of a limb (e.g., elbow is proximal to wrist).
Farther from the origin or point of attachment of a limb (e.g., knee is distal to thigh).
Toward or at the body surface (e.g., skin is superficial to muscles).
Away from the body surface; more internal (e.g., lungs are deep to skin).
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids; essential for structure, function, and information storage.
Nucleus: genetic control; Mitochondria: ATP production; ER: protein/lipid synthesis; Golgi: packaging; Lysosomes: digestion; Peroxisomes: detoxification.
Prophase: chromosomes condense; Metaphase: chromosomes align; Anaphase: chromatids separate; Telophase: nuclear envelopes reform; Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides.
Polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated, high regeneration capacity.
Cells, fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), and ground substance forming extracellular matrix.
Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular) and Dense (regular, irregular, elastic) connective tissues.
Skeletal: voluntary, striated; Cardiac: involuntary, striated; Smooth: involuntary, non-striated.
Neurons: conduct impulses; Supporting cells: support, insulate, protect neurons.
Dorsal (cranial, vertebral) and Ventral (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic) cavities housing major organs.
Right Upper (RUQ), Left Upper (LUQ), Right Lower (RLQ), Left Lower (LLQ); used to localize organs and symptoms.