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Cranial Nerves Study Guide

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  • Olfactory nerve (I) modality and function

    Modality: sensory

    Function: sense of smell

  • Olfactory nerve (I) damage effect

    Anosmia (loss of smell)

  • Optic nerve (II) modality and function

    Modality: sensory

    Function: sense of vision

  • Optic nerve (II) damage effect

    Anopsia (loss of vision)

  • Oculomotor nerve (III) modality and functions

    Modality: motor

    Functions: opens eyelids, pupil constriction, visual accommodation, moves eye up, down, medially

  • Oculomotor nerve (III) damage effects

    Diplopia (double vision), ptosis (eyelid drooping)

  • Trochlear nerve (IV) modality and function

    Modality: motor

    Function: inferolateral eye movement

  • Trochlear nerve (IV) damage effect

    Strabismus (cross-eyed)

  • Trigeminal nerve (V) modality and functions

    Modality: both sensory and motor

    Functions: sensory - tactile face receptors, sneeze reflex; motor - muscles of mastication

  • Trigeminal nerve (V) damage effect

    Trigeminal neuralgia; novocain targets this nerve

  • Abducens nerve (VI) modality and function

    Modality: motor

    Function: lateral eye movement

  • Facial nerve (VII) modality and functions

    Modality: both sensory and motor

    Functions: sensory - taste anterior 1/3 tongue; motor - tears secretion, facial expressions, saliva secretion (sublingual and submandibular glands)

  • Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) modality and functions

    Modality: sensory

    Functions: cochlear branch - hearing; vestibular branch - balance and equilibrium

  • Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) damage effects

    Deafness (cochlear branch), vertigo (vestibular branch)

  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) modality and functions

    Modality: both sensory and motor

    Functions: sensory - taste posterior 2/3 tongue; motor - swallowing, salivation, gagging

  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) damage effects

    Dry mouth, decreased taste

  • Vagus nerve (X) modality and functions

    Modality: both sensory and motor

    Functions: sensory - taste from pharynx, baroreceptor and chemoreceptor info; motor - innervates vital organs, controls swallowing and speech

  • Accessory nerve (XI) modality and functions

    Modality: motor

    Functions: movement of head and shoulders, involved in speech

  • Hypoglossal nerve (XII) modality and functions

    Modality: motor

    Functions: innervates tongue muscles, swallowing, food manipulation

  • Hypoglossal nerve (XII) damage effect

    Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)