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GPCR Signaling Pathway Basics

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이 집합의 용어 (10)

  • What is the role of the GPCR in the membrane?
    The GPCR acts as the sensor in the membrane that detects ligand binding.
  • What is the function of the G protein in the GPCR pathway?
    The G protein acts as the middleman switch inside the membrane, transmitting the signal from the GPCR.
  • What happens to the G protein when a ligand binds the GPCR?
    The GPCR activates the G protein by helping it exchange GDP for GTP.
  • What is the next step after the G protein is activated?
    The activated G protein activates an effector protein, such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C.
  • What do effector proteins produce in the GPCR pathway?
    Effector proteins produce second messengers like cAMP, IP3, and DAG to amplify the signal inside the cell.
  • What does 'activating downstream effectors' mean in the GPCR pathway?
    It means the G protein passes the signal by turning on the next proteins in the pathway, not directly affecting DNA transcription or apoptosis.
  • Name two common effector enzymes activated by G proteins.
    Adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C are common effector enzymes.
  • What are examples of second messengers produced in GPCR signaling?
    Examples include cAMP, IP3, and DAG.
  • Does the G protein directly cause DNA transcription or apoptosis?
    No, the G protein activates downstream effectors but does not directly cause DNA transcription or apoptosis.
  • What molecule does the G protein release to become active?
    The G protein releases GDP and binds GTP to become active.