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Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

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이 집합의 용어 (21)

  • What determines the function of a structure in the body?
    The structure of a body part determines its function.
  • What is microscopic anatomy?
    Microscopic anatomy studies structures that cannot be seen without magnification, using tools like light and electron microscopes.
  • What are cytology and histology?
    Cytology is the study of cells, and histology is the study of tissues.
  • What is gross anatomy?
    Gross anatomy is the study of structures visible to the unaided eye.
  • Name three types of gross anatomy.
    Surface anatomy (general form), regional anatomy (specific body areas), and systemic anatomy (organ systems).
  • What is developmental anatomy?
    Developmental anatomy examines structural changes over time, including embryology which studies the first two months of development.
  • What is clinical anatomy?
    Clinical anatomy focuses on pathological changes during illness.
  • What are the four major elements making up 99% of the human body?
    Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.
  • List the major classes of compounds in the human body.
    Water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • What are the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest?
    Chemical/molecular, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
  • What are the 11 organ systems of the human body?
    Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphoid, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive.
  • Define responsiveness and adaptability in physiology.
    Responsiveness is a change based on a stimulus; adaptability is long-term responsiveness.
  • What is metabolism?
    All chemical reactions in the body, including anabolism (bonding chemicals) and catabolism (breaking bonds).
  • What is the anatomical position?
    Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet flat, face forward.
  • What is the difference between supine and prone positions?
    Supine is lying face up; prone is lying face down.
  • Name the three main body planes used in sectional anatomy.
    Sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse planes.
  • What is the ventral body cavity and what does it contain?
    The ventral cavity houses organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
  • What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
    The diaphragm.
  • What is the function of serous membranes in body cavities?
    They protect and lubricate organs within the ventral body cavity.
  • What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?
    Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ).
  • What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?
    Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, hypogastric.