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Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

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이 집합의 용어 (25)

  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy is the scientific study of the body’s structures or form, including internal and external parts and their physical relationships.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of the chemistry and physics of the body and how its structures function together to support life.

  • What are the two main subdivisions of anatomy?

    Gross anatomy (large structures visible to the naked eye) and microscopic anatomy (structures requiring magnification).

  • What is gross anatomy?

    The examination of large body structures visible without magnification, including surface, regional, and systemic anatomy.

  • What is microscopic anatomy?

    The study of structures too small to be seen without magnification, divided into cytology (cells) and histology (tissues).

  • How is physiology related to anatomy?

    Physiology studies the function of body parts and systems, which is closely interrelated with anatomy, the study of their structure.

  • List the six levels of structural organization in the human body.

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, and Organismal levels.

  • Name the main organs and functions of the integumentary system.

    Organs: Skin, hair, nails. Functions: Protection, temperature regulation, immune barrier.

  • What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?

    Support, protection of organs, movement framework, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.

  • What organs make up the muscular system and what are its functions?

    Skeletal muscles and tendons; functions include locomotion, support, and heat production.

  • What is the role of the nervous system?

    Detects and processes sensory information and coordinates responses by controlling other organ systems.

  • What does the endocrine system do?

    Secretes hormones that regulate body processes by acting as chemical signals.

  • Describe the circulatory system's main components and functions.

    Heart, blood, blood vessels; transports nutrients and wastes, regulates body temperature.

  • What is homeostasis?

    The maintenance of a stable internal environment within a set range essential for normal body function.

  • Name the three components of a homeostatic control system.

    Receptor (detects change), control center (processes information), and effector (responds to restore balance).

  • What is the difference between negative and positive feedback?

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain homeostasis; positive feedback amplifies a change, often to complete a process.

  • Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the human body.

    Normal childbirth, where contractions increase until delivery occurs.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    Standard body position: standing upright, feet shoulder-width apart, arms at sides with palms facing forward.

  • List common paired directional terms used in anatomy.

    Superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, deep/superficial.

  • What are the three main body planes?

    Sagittal (divides left and right), frontal/coronal (divides front and back), and transverse (divides top and bottom).

  • Name the two main body cavities and their subdivisions.

    Dorsal cavity (cranial and spinal cavities) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities).

  • What are serous membranes?

    Thin membranes lining body cavities and covering organs, reducing friction between moving structures.

  • List four common medical imaging techniques.

    X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (ultrasound).

  • What is the primary use of X-rays in medicine?

    To visualize internal structures like bones using high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

  • How does ultrasonography differ from other imaging techniques?

    It uses sound waves, is non-invasive, and does not use electromagnetic radiation, making it safe for monitoring pregnancies.