교과서 질문
Compare and contrast flexor and crossed-extensor reflexes.
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Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation24
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive25
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units21
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric20
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System11
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue19
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System26
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity32
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System19
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System23
- Ch. 17 Blood25
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart24
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues14
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
13장, 문제 22
Marcus, a football quarterback, suffered torn menisci in his right knee joint when tackled from the side. The same injury crushed his common fibular nerve against the head of the fibula. What locomotor problems did Marcus have after this?
검증된 단계별 안내1
Step 1: Understand the anatomy involved. The menisci are cartilage structures in the knee that help cushion and stabilize the joint. Torn menisci can cause pain, swelling, and reduced knee stability, affecting Marcus's ability to move his knee smoothly.
Step 2: Identify the role of the common fibular nerve. This nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula and innervates muscles responsible for dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and eversion (turning the sole outward) of the foot, as well as providing sensation to parts of the lower leg and foot.
Step 3: Analyze the effects of injury to the common fibular nerve. Damage to this nerve typically results in foot drop, where the individual cannot dorsiflex the foot, leading to difficulty in walking and a characteristic high-stepping gait to avoid dragging the toes.
Step 4: Combine the effects of both injuries. Marcus likely experienced knee instability and pain from the torn menisci, along with motor deficits such as foot drop and sensory loss in the areas supplied by the common fibular nerve.
Step 5: Summarize the locomotor problems. Marcus's locomotor issues would include difficulty bending and stabilizing the knee, inability to lift the foot properly during walking, and altered gait patterns to compensate for these deficits.
주요 개념
질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.
Anatomy of the Knee Joint and Menisci
The menisci are C-shaped cartilage structures in the knee that cushion and stabilize the joint. Torn menisci cause pain, swelling, and reduced knee mobility, affecting weight-bearing and movement. Understanding their role helps explain joint dysfunction after injury.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
04:06
Introduction to Joints Example 1
Common Fibular Nerve Anatomy and Function
The common fibular nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula and innervates muscles responsible for dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. Injury to this nerve leads to foot drop and sensory loss on the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot, impairing normal gait.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
06:04Functional Groups
Locomotor Impairments from Knee and Nerve Injury
Damage to the menisci and common fibular nerve results in knee instability, pain, and inability to dorsiflex the foot, causing a characteristic foot drop. This leads to an abnormal gait pattern, difficulty walking, and increased risk of falls.
추천 영상:
3:01Tendon Reflex