교과서 질문
As the aroma of freshly brewed coffee drifted by dozing Henry's nose, his mouth started to water and his stomach began to rumble. Explain his reactions in terms of ANS activity.
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Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System
Marieb, Hoehn7th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780805359091
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation24
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive25
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System10
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System26
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity28
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System18
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart22
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses29
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System20
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System30
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System25
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System23
14장, 문제 20
A reflex that causes reciprocal activation of the antagonist muscle is the
a. Crossed-extensor
b. Flexor
c. Tendon
d. Muscle stretch
검증된 단계별 안내1
Understand the concept of reflexes: Reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses to stimuli. They involve sensory input, integration in the central nervous system, and motor output to muscles.
Learn about reciprocal activation: Reciprocal activation refers to the process where the contraction of one muscle group leads to the relaxation of its antagonist muscle group. This ensures smooth and coordinated movement.
Review the types of reflexes mentioned: a) Crossed-extensor reflex involves the opposite limb compensating for the movement of the stimulated limb. b) Flexor reflex is a withdrawal reflex in response to painful stimuli. c) Tendon reflex monitors tension in a muscle and prevents excessive force. d) Muscle stretch reflex responds to muscle length changes to maintain posture.
Focus on the tendon reflex: The tendon reflex specifically involves reciprocal activation. When tension in a muscle becomes too high, the reflex inhibits the contracting muscle and activates the antagonist muscle to prevent damage.
Conclude that the reflex causing reciprocal activation of the antagonist muscle is the tendon reflex, based on its mechanism of action and function.
비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:
이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.
영상 길이:
3m주요 개념
질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.
Reciprocal Inhibition
Reciprocal inhibition is a physiological process where the activation of one muscle (the agonist) leads to the simultaneous relaxation of its antagonist muscle. This mechanism is crucial for coordinated movement, allowing for smooth transitions between muscle contractions and relaxations. For example, when you flex your arm, the biceps contract while the triceps relax.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
05:03
Enzyme Inhibition
Reflex Arcs
Reflex arcs are neural pathways that mediate reflex actions. They typically involve sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli without direct involvement of the brain. In the context of muscle activation, reflex arcs can facilitate reciprocal inhibition, ensuring that when one muscle contracts, its antagonist relaxes to prevent injury and maintain balance.
추천 영상:
2:12Visceral Reflex Arcs
Types of Reflexes
There are several types of reflexes, including flexor, crossed-extensor, and tendon reflexes. The flexor reflex involves the withdrawal of a limb from a painful stimulus, while the crossed-extensor reflex helps maintain balance by activating the opposite limb. Understanding these reflex types is essential for identifying how muscles interact during various movements and responses.
추천 영상:
5:15Types of Reflex Arcs
관련 실천
교과서 질문
Mr. Johnson suffers from urinary retention and a hypoactive urinary bladder. Bethanechol, a drug that mimics acetylcholine's autonomic effects, is prescribed to manage his problem. First explain the rationale for prescribing bethanechol, and then predict which of the following adverse effects Mr. Johnson might experience while taking this drug (select all that apply): dizziness, low blood pressure, deficient tear formation, wheezing, increased mucus production in bronchi, deficient salivation, diarrhea, cramping, excessive sweating, undesirable erection of penis.
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교과서 질문
A 32-year-old woman complains of intermittent aching pains in the medial two fingers of both hands. During such episodes, the fingers become blanched and then blue. Her history is taken, and it is noted that she is a heavy smoker. The physician advises her that she must stop smoking and states that she will not prescribe any medication until the patient has discontinued smoking for a month. What is this patient's condition, and why was she told to stop smoking?
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