Identify the trinomial to factor: \(y^2 - 7y + 12\).
Look for two numbers that multiply to the constant term (12) and add up to the coefficient of the middle term (-7).
List the factor pairs of 12: (1, 12), (2, 6), (3, 4). Determine which pair sums to -7 when both numbers are negative, since the middle term is negative.
Write the factors as binomials using the numbers found: \((y - a)(y - b)\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are the numbers from the previous step.
Verify by expanding the binomials using the FOIL method to ensure the product equals the original trinomial.