In the context of the central dogma, what are the two major steps of protein synthesis?
A
Replication and transcription
B
Translation and replication
C
Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
D
Transcription and translation
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1
Understand that the central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Identify that protein synthesis involves converting the genetic code into a functional protein, which occurs in two major steps.
The first step is transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
The second step is translation, where the mRNA sequence is decoded by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain (protein).
Recognize that replication is the process of copying DNA, and glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are metabolic pathways, so they are not part of protein synthesis.