In human blood typing, which symbol indicates the presence of the Rhesus (Rh) protein (D antigen) on red blood cells?
A
The minus sign (−), as in B− or AB−
B
The plus sign (+), as in A+ or O+
C
The ABO letters (A, B, AB), regardless of + or −
D
The letter O, as in type O blood
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1
Understand that human blood typing involves two main systems: the ABO system and the Rhesus (Rh) system.
Recognize that the ABO system classifies blood based on the presence of A and/or B antigens on red blood cells, represented by the letters A, B, AB, or O (which means neither A nor B antigens are present).
Know that the Rh system is determined by the presence or absence of the Rh protein, also called the D antigen, on the surface of red blood cells.
Identify that the presence of the Rh protein (D antigen) is indicated by a plus sign (+) following the ABO blood type (e.g., A+, B+, AB+, O+), while its absence is indicated by a minus sign (−) (e.g., A−, B−, AB−, O−).
Therefore, the symbol that indicates the presence of the Rh protein on red blood cells is the plus sign (+).