Which amino acid commonly forms disulfide bonds in proteins through oxidation of its thiol () side chain?
A
Cysteine
B
Lysine
C
Aspartate
D
Histidine
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1
Understand that disulfide bonds in proteins are covalent bonds formed between the sulfur atoms of two amino acid side chains.
Recall that the amino acid side chain containing a thiol group (−SH) is capable of oxidation to form a disulfide bond (−S−S−).
Identify which amino acid has a thiol (−SH) group in its side chain; among the options, cysteine contains this group.
Recognize that during protein folding, two cysteine residues can be oxidized to form a disulfide bond, stabilizing the protein's tertiary or quaternary structure.
Conclude that cysteine is the amino acid responsible for forming disulfide bonds through oxidation of its thiol side chain.