객관식
The addition of the nonhydrolyzable GTP-analog, GTPγS (shown below), is a common cell culture technique. If only affecting the inhibitory pathway, what effect would GTPγS have on cellular cAMP levels?
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12. Biosignaling
Inhibitory Adenylate Cyclase GPCR Signaling
객관식
Which of the following are involved in the desensitization of the β-adrenergic receptor?
A
β-adrenergic receptor kinase.
B
β-arrestin.
C
Protein Kinase A.
D
βARK.
E
GAPs.
F
A and B only.
G
A, B and D only.
H
A, B, and E only.
검증된 단계별 안내1
Understand the concept of desensitization: Desensitization is a process by which a receptor decreases its response to a signaling molecule when that molecule is present in high concentrations for a prolonged period.
Identify the role of β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK): βARK phosphorylates the β-adrenergic receptor, which is a crucial step in the desensitization process.
Recognize the function of β-arrestin: After the receptor is phosphorylated by βARK, β-arrestin binds to the receptor, preventing further signaling and facilitating receptor internalization.
Consider the role of Protein Kinase A (PKA): While PKA is involved in many signaling pathways, it is not directly involved in the desensitization of the β-adrenergic receptor.
Evaluate the involvement of GAPs: GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are not directly involved in the desensitization of the β-adrenergic receptor, as they primarily regulate G-protein signaling.
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