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Acids and Bases definitions

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  • Bronsted Lowry Acid
    Substance capable of donating a proton, resulting in a decrease of hydrogen and charge after reaction.
  • Bronsted Lowry Base
    Substance capable of accepting a proton, leading to an increase in hydrogen and charge after reaction.
  • Conjugate Acid
    Species formed after a base accepts a proton, possessing one more hydrogen and an extra positive charge.
  • Conjugate Base
    Species formed after an acid donates a proton, having one less hydrogen and an extra negative charge.
  • Parent Acid
    Original molecule in a reaction that donates a proton, often containing an acidic hydrogen.
  • Parent Base
    Original molecule in a reaction that accepts a proton, typically possessing lone pairs for bonding.
  • Carboxylic Acid
    Compound containing a carboxyl group, acts as a proton donor in acid-base reactions.
  • Water
    Molecule capable of acting as both acid and base, demonstrating amphiprotic behavior in reactions.
  • Amphiprotic Molecule
    Species able to function as either a proton donor or acceptor, depending on reaction context.
  • Hydroxide Ion
    Negatively charged species formed when water donates a proton, serving as a conjugate base.
  • Ammonium Ion
    Positively charged species formed when ammonia accepts a proton, serving as a conjugate acid.
  • Carboxyl Group
    Functional group present in carboxylic acids, responsible for acidic properties and proton donation.
  • Acidic Hydrogen
    Hydrogen atom in a molecule that is readily donated during acid-base reactions.
  • Charge
    Electrical property altered during proton transfer, increasing or decreasing based on gain or loss of hydrogen.
  • Lone Pair
    Non-bonding electrons on atoms, often involved in accepting protons during base reactions.