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Biological Membranes definitions

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  • Lipid Bilayer
    Structure composed of two sheets of lipids, forming the fundamental framework of cellular membranes and organelles.
  • Phospholipid
    Molecule with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, forming the main component of biological membranes.
  • Micelle
    Spherical aggregate of lipids with a monolayer, creating a hydrophobic core suitable for free fatty acids.
  • Liposome
    Small vesicle with a lipid bilayer and an aqueous core, often used to encapsulate molecules.
  • Vesicle
    Membrane-bound structure with a lipid bilayer, typically enclosing a small aqueous volume.
  • Hydrophobic Effect
    Phenomenon driving antipathic lipids to aggregate in aqueous environments, crucial for membrane formation.
  • Fluid Mosaic Model
    Concept describing membranes as dynamic structures with freely moving lipids and proteins, creating a mosaic appearance.
  • Protein Content
    Proportion of proteins embedded in membranes, ranging from 20% to 80% by mass, influencing membrane function.
  • Extracellular Leaflet
    Outer sheet of the lipid bilayer, facing the external environment of the cell.
  • Intracellular Leaflet
    Inner sheet of the lipid bilayer, oriented toward the cell's interior.
  • Glycerophospholipid
    Type of phospholipid with a glycerol backbone, optimal for forming bilayers and vesicles.
  • Sphingophospholipid
    Phospholipid variant with a sphingosine backbone, contributing to membrane structure.
  • Membrane Composition
    Variety of lipids and proteins present in a membrane, differing across cells, sheets, and organelles.
  • Scanning Electron Micrograph
    Imaging technique providing detailed visualization of membrane structure at high magnification.
  • Organelles
    Cellular compartments surrounded by membranes, each with distinct lipid and protein composition.