The first line of defense against pathogens is __________.
A
PAMP-triggered immunity
B
specific plant disease resistance (R) genes
C
pathogen-associated molecular patterns
D
production of phytoalexins
E
the physical barrier of the epidermis (or periderm)
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검증된 단계별 안내
1
Understand that the first line of defense in plants against pathogens is a physical barrier.
Recognize that the epidermis (or periderm) acts as this physical barrier, preventing pathogens from entering the plant.
Differentiate between physical barriers and other defense mechanisms like PAMP-triggered immunity, which involves recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Note that specific plant disease resistance (R) genes and the production of phytoalexins are part of the plant's secondary defense mechanisms, activated after the pathogen has breached the physical barrier.
Conclude that the physical barrier of the epidermis (or periderm) is the plant's initial defense against pathogen invasion.