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19. Descent with Modification - General Biology

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이 집합의 용어 (12)

  • How did Darwin challenge the current views about life on Earth?

    Darwin proposed that species change over time through descent with modification, challenging the idea that species are fixed and unchanging.

  • What is descent with modification?

    Descent with modification is the process by which species change over generations, passing traits to offspring with variations.

  • Define evolution.

    Evolution is the change in the genetic composition of a population over successive generations.

    Darwin's definition: descent with modification

  • How did views on the origins of life change from Aristotle to Darwin?

    • Aristotle saw species as fixed

    • Linnaeus classified species

    • Cuvier studied fossils

    • Hutton and Lyell introduced gradual geological change

    • Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired traits

    • Darwin and Wallace proposed natural selection.

  • Define adaptation.

    Adaptation is a heritable trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

  • How did Darwin use artificial selection to understand natural processes?

    Darwin observed how humans selectively breed plants and animals, inferring that nature similarly selects traits that improve survival and reproduction.

  • What role did Thomas Malthus' ideas play in Darwin's theory?

    Malthus' idea of overreproduction suggested that more offspring are produced than can survive, leading to competition and natural selection.

  • Difference between inherited traits and acquired traits?

    Inherited traits are passed genetically to offspring; acquired traits are gained during an organism's life and are not inherited.

  • What evidence supports evolution from direct observations?

    Observed changes in populations over short time periods, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria, demonstrate evolution in action.

  • What is homology and how does it support evolution?

    Homology refers to similarities in structure due to shared ancestry, indicating common descent.

  • How does the fossil record support evolution?

    The fossil record shows a historical sequence of life forms and transitional fossils documenting gradual changes over time.

  • What does biogeography reveal about evolution?

    Biogeography studies species distribution, showing related species often live near each other, supporting common ancestry and adaptation to environments.