Skip to main content
뒤로

Chapter 8-9 cell division

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/89
  • Purpose of Mitosis


    Growth and repair

  • Mitosis produces:


    2 identical cells

  • Meiosis produces:


    4 different cells

  • Human body cells are:


    Diploid

  • Gametes are:


    sex cells

  • How many daughter cells are produced in Mitosis?


    2

  • Cells produced by Mitosis are:


    identical

  • Where does meiosis occur?


    reproductive organs

  • Haploid cell has:


    23 chromosomes

  • Chromosome number in humans:


    46

  • Haploid cells have :


    half set

  • Crossing over increases:


    genetic variation

  • Independent assortment happens in:


    meiosis

  • PMAT stands for:


    stages of mitosis

  • DNA is duplicated in :


    interphase

  • What is the correct order of mitosis?


    PMAT

    Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

  • DNA is made of:


    nucleotides

  • Mitosis ends with:


    2 identical cells

  • Meiosis ends with:


    4 different cells

  • Mitosis occurs in:


    body cells

  • Genetic variation is important because it:


    increases diversity

  • Sister chromatids separate in:


    anaphase

  • Cells identical to parent are produced by:


    mitosis

  • Gene is :


    DNA segment

  • Allele is:


    gene version

  • Genotype means:


    genetic makeup

  • Phenotype means:


    physical trait

  • Dominant allele


    shows if present

  • Recessive allele shows only when:


    two copies present

  • Aa x Aa ratio:


    3 : 1

  • Punnett square predicts:


    Probability

  • Homozygous means:


    AA or aa

  • Heterozygous means:


    aa

  • Recessive trait example appears when:


    mutation happens

  • Traits are passed through:


    genes

  • DNA found in:


    nucleus

  • Chromosomes contain:


    DNA

  • What is the purpose of meiosis and why is it important?


    Meiosis makes gametes (sperm /egg) and creates genetic variation for diversity.

  • Describe what happens during Transcription.


    transcription is when DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.

  • Describe what happens during Translation.


    Translation is when ribosomes read mRNA and build a protein using amino acids.

  • A cell has 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?


    each daughter cell has 46 chromosomes because mitosis produces identical cells and keeps chromosomes number the same.

  • The cells that result from the completion of meiosis have _______ the amount of DNA than the primary sex cell that began dividing.


    1/2

  • Which event in meiosis is responsible for converting diploid cells into haploid cells?

    A) Crossing over

    B) Random Alignment

    C) Chiasmata Formation

    D) Synapsis

    E) All of the above


    E) All of the above

  • Evaluate the following statement. Meiosis II can best be described as mitosis but with haploid cells.


    True

  • The romantic cells of jackals contain 78 chromosomes. How many chromatids are in jackal cells after the completion of meiosis I?


    0

  • How many chromosome combinations are possible for human cells at metaphase I?


    2^23

  • At the end of meiosis I,


    the number of chromosomes have been reduced by one half.

  • Which step in meiosis is responsible for the genetic recombination of the chromosomes?


    Prophase I

  • How many chromatids are in a human primary sex cell at anaphase?


    92

  • Most of the genetic variation in cells that are produced in meiosis occurs in ;


    prophase I

  • Suppose that an organism has a 2N value of 20. How many combinations of chromosomes are possible at metaphase I of meiosis?


    2^10

  • Which of the following are not part of interphase? Select all that apply.

    A) G1

    B) Cytokinesis

    C) S phase

    D) G2

    E) Mitotic Phase


    B) Cytokinesis

    E) Mitotic Phase

  • When is a cell at anaphase of mitosis?


    When the sister chromatids separate

  • Assume that a cell has 20 chromosomes and 10 picograms of DNA at G1 of the cell cycle. At the end of S phase, this cell will contain ___________.


    20 chromosomes, 40 chromatids, and 20 picograms of DNA.

  • Mitosis and cytokinesis always _________.


    maintain the number of chromosomes within a cell.

  • Cytokinesis is occurring in an animal cel ___________.


    when you observe a cleavage furrow.

  • The offspring from the mating of two true breeding parents are called?


    Hybrid

  • The phenotype of which type of genetic disorder is more likely to "skip a generation"?


    Recessive disorder

  • A child with type O blood has a father who is type A and a mother who is type B. Is this possible?


    Yes

  • A daughter is born with hemophilia. What are her parents?


    Dad, hemophilia and Mom, carrier of the trait

  • A ______ is an inherited feature that varies from individual to individual.


    character

  • A _____ is one particular variation of a character.


    trait

  • A genetic cross involving parents that differ in a single character is called a _______.


    monohybrid cross

  • Most human genes come in alternate versions called ____


    alleles

  • If an organism has two non-identical versions of a gene, the one that is expressed in the organism is called the ________ allele.


    dominant

  • If an organism has two non identical versions of a gene, the one that is not expressed in the organism is called the _______ allele.


    recessive

  • The physical traits of an organism are called its _____


    phenotype

  • The _______ is the genetic makeup of an organism.


    genotype

  • What is asexual reproduction?


    Reproduction involving one parent that produces genetically identical offsprings (clones) without fertilization.

  • Which of the following is more likely to increase diversity, sexual or asexual reproduction?


    Sexual reproduction

  • What is DNA + Histones called?


    Chromatin

  • G1


    cell grows and performs normal functions

  • S phase


    DNA is replicated , producing sister chromatids

  • G2


    cell continues growing and prepares for mitosis

  • During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?


    Anaphase

  • A typical eukaryotic cell spends most of its life in which phase of the cell cycle ?


    Interphase

  • M phase


    Mitosis + cytokinesis

  • Interphase


    longest part of the cell cycle

  • Centromere


    holds sister chromatids together

  • some reasons why a cell might undergo mitosis?


    -grow an organism

    • repair damaged tissues

    • replace workout or dead cells

  • Prophase


    chromosomes condense, nucleus breaks down, spindle forms

  • Metaphase


    chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

  • Anaphase


    sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

  • Telophase


    two new nuclei form, chromosomes uncoil

  • cytokinesis


    cytoplasm divides, forming two identical daughter cells

  • What is Trisomy 13 called?


    patau syndrome

  • what is nondisjunction?


    chromosomes stuck to each other

  • extra X


    metafemale

  • traits


    different versions of the same character