Chapter 8-9 cell division
이 집합의 용어 (89)
Purpose of Mitosis
Growth and repair
Mitosis produces:
2 identical cells
Meiosis produces:
4 different cells
Human body cells are:
Diploid
Gametes are:
sex cells
How many daughter cells are produced in Mitosis?
2
Cells produced by Mitosis are:
identical
Where does meiosis occur?
reproductive organs
Haploid cell has:
23 chromosomes
Chromosome number in humans:
46
Haploid cells have :
half set
Crossing over increases:
genetic variation
Independent assortment happens in:
meiosis
PMAT stands for:
stages of mitosis
DNA is duplicated in :
interphase
What is the correct order of mitosis?
PMAT
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
DNA is made of:
nucleotides
Mitosis ends with:
2 identical cells
Meiosis ends with:
4 different cells
Mitosis occurs in:
body cells
Genetic variation is important because it:
increases diversity
Sister chromatids separate in:
anaphase
Cells identical to parent are produced by:
mitosis
Gene is :
DNA segment
Allele is:
gene version
Genotype means:
genetic makeup
Phenotype means:
physical trait
Dominant allele
shows if present
Recessive allele shows only when:
two copies present
Aa x Aa ratio:
3 : 1
Punnett square predicts:
Probability
Homozygous means:
AA or aa
Heterozygous means:
aa
Recessive trait example appears when:
mutation happens
Traits are passed through:
genes
DNA found in:
nucleus
Chromosomes contain:
DNA
What is the purpose of meiosis and why is it important?
Meiosis makes gametes (sperm /egg) and creates genetic variation for diversity.
Describe what happens during Transcription.
transcription is when DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.
Describe what happens during Translation.
Translation is when ribosomes read mRNA and build a protein using amino acids.
A cell has 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
each daughter cell has 46 chromosomes because mitosis produces identical cells and keeps chromosomes number the same.
The cells that result from the completion of meiosis have _______ the amount of DNA than the primary sex cell that began dividing.
1/2
Which event in meiosis is responsible for converting diploid cells into haploid cells?
A) Crossing over
B) Random Alignment
C) Chiasmata Formation
D) Synapsis
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Evaluate the following statement. Meiosis II can best be described as mitosis but with haploid cells.
True
The romantic cells of jackals contain 78 chromosomes. How many chromatids are in jackal cells after the completion of meiosis I?
0
How many chromosome combinations are possible for human cells at metaphase I?
2^23
At the end of meiosis I,
the number of chromosomes have been reduced by one half.
Which step in meiosis is responsible for the genetic recombination of the chromosomes?
Prophase I
How many chromatids are in a human primary sex cell at anaphase?
92
Most of the genetic variation in cells that are produced in meiosis occurs in ;
prophase I
Suppose that an organism has a 2N value of 20. How many combinations of chromosomes are possible at metaphase I of meiosis?
2^10
Which of the following are not part of interphase? Select all that apply.
A) G1
B) Cytokinesis
C) S phase
D) G2
E) Mitotic Phase
B) Cytokinesis
E) Mitotic Phase
When is a cell at anaphase of mitosis?
When the sister chromatids separate
Assume that a cell has 20 chromosomes and 10 picograms of DNA at G1 of the cell cycle. At the end of S phase, this cell will contain ___________.
20 chromosomes, 40 chromatids, and 20 picograms of DNA.
Mitosis and cytokinesis always _________.
maintain the number of chromosomes within a cell.
Cytokinesis is occurring in an animal cel ___________.
when you observe a cleavage furrow.
The offspring from the mating of two true breeding parents are called?
Hybrid
The phenotype of which type of genetic disorder is more likely to "skip a generation"?
Recessive disorder
A child with type O blood has a father who is type A and a mother who is type B. Is this possible?
Yes
A daughter is born with hemophilia. What are her parents?
Dad, hemophilia and Mom, carrier of the trait
A ______ is an inherited feature that varies from individual to individual.
character
A _____ is one particular variation of a character.
trait
A genetic cross involving parents that differ in a single character is called a _______.
monohybrid cross
Most human genes come in alternate versions called ____
alleles
If an organism has two non-identical versions of a gene, the one that is expressed in the organism is called the ________ allele.
dominant
If an organism has two non identical versions of a gene, the one that is not expressed in the organism is called the _______ allele.
recessive
The physical traits of an organism are called its _____
phenotype
The _______ is the genetic makeup of an organism.
genotype
What is asexual reproduction?
Reproduction involving one parent that produces genetically identical offsprings (clones) without fertilization.
Which of the following is more likely to increase diversity, sexual or asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction
What is DNA + Histones called?
Chromatin
G1
cell grows and performs normal functions
S phase
DNA is replicated , producing sister chromatids
G2
cell continues growing and prepares for mitosis
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
A typical eukaryotic cell spends most of its life in which phase of the cell cycle ?
Interphase
M phase
Mitosis + cytokinesis
Interphase
longest part of the cell cycle
Centromere
holds sister chromatids together
some reasons why a cell might undergo mitosis?
-grow an organism
repair damaged tissues
replace workout or dead cells
Prophase
chromosomes condense, nucleus breaks down, spindle forms
Metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Telophase
two new nuclei form, chromosomes uncoil
cytokinesis
cytoplasm divides, forming two identical daughter cells
What is Trisomy 13 called?
patau syndrome
what is nondisjunction?
chromosomes stuck to each other
extra X
metafemale
traits
different versions of the same character