뒤로DNA Basics in General Biology
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DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
DNA stores genetic information used for growth, development, and reproduction.
DNA is made of nucleotides, each containing a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
The four bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G) via hydrogen bonds.
DNA forms a double helix structure with two strands twisted around each other.
Phosphodiester bonds connect the sugar and phosphate groups in the DNA backbone.
DNA replication creates an identical copy of DNA for cell division.
DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
A gene is a DNA segment that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule.
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and thymine; RNA has ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides.
DNA strands run in opposite directions: one 5' to 3', the other 3' to 5'.
It ensures accurate DNA replication and stable double helix formation.
A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
A-T pairs form 2 hydrogen bonds, C-G pairs form 3 hydrogen bonds.
The sugar in DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose.
The phosphate group links nucleotides together forming the DNA backbone.
Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.