Skip to main content
뒤로

General Biology: Inorganic Chemistry Basics

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/25

이 집합의 용어 (25)

  • What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?
    Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
    In the nucleus, the core of the atom.
  • What is the valence shell of an atom?
    The outermost electron shell that determines how the atom interacts with other atoms.
  • Define isotopes.
    Variations of an element with different numbers of neutrons.
  • What is the difference between stable and radioactive isotopes?
    Stable isotopes have unchanged nuclear structure; radioactive isotopes have nuclei that break down over time.
  • What is an ion?
    A charged atom that has gained or lost electrons.
  • Describe a covalent bond.
    A bond where atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells.
  • What is the difference between single and double covalent bonds?
    Single bonds share one pair of electrons; double bonds share two pairs.
  • What makes a molecule polar?
    When two atoms unequally share electrons, creating an asymmetrical charge distribution.
  • Give an example of a non-polar molecule.
    Methane (CH4), where electrons are shared equally.
  • Give an example of a polar molecule.
    Water (H2O), where electrons are shared unequally.
  • What is an ionic bond?
    A bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating charged ions that attract.
  • Define cation and anion.
    A cation is a positively charged ion; an anion is a negatively charged ion.
  • What is an electrolyte?
    An ionic compound that dissociates into ions in solution.
  • Describe hydrogen bonding.
    A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen and a nearby electronegative atom.
  • What are the three states of matter relevant to biology?
    Gas, liquid, and solid, differing in molecular arrangement and motion.
  • What is a solvent?
    A substance, like water, that dissolves other substances.
  • Define hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes.
    Hydrophilic solutes dissolve in water; hydrophobic solutes do not.
  • Why is water important for life?
    It is a solvent, participates in chemical reactions, has high heat capacity, and is cohesive and adhesive.
  • What happens when acids dissociate in water?
    They release H+ ions.
  • What happens when bases dissociate in water?
    They release OH- ions.
  • What is the pH scale used for?
    Measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
  • What are salts in biological chemistry?
    Compounds that dissociate in water but do not produce H+ or OH- ions.
  • What is dehydration synthesis?
    A chemical reaction where water is removed to join molecules.
  • What is hydrolysis?
    A chemical reaction where water is added to break molecules apart.