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General Biology Key Concepts

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이 집합의 용어 (23)

  • What is an organism?
    An organism is any living thing that can carry out life processes independently.
  • Define homeostasis.
    Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.
  • What is metabolism?
    Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.
  • Explain biological regulation.
    Regulation is the control and coordination of life processes to maintain homeostasis.
  • Difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
    Unicellular organisms consist of one cell; multicellular organisms have many specialized cells.
  • Define autotroph and heterotroph.
    Autotrophs produce their own food (e.g., plants); heterotrophs consume other organisms for energy.
  • Compare asexual and sexual reproduction.
    Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing identical offspring; sexual reproduction involves two parents and genetic variation.
  • What is taxonomy?
    Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into hierarchical groups like domains and species.
  • Name the highest taxonomic rank.
    The highest taxonomic rank is the domain, which groups life into broad categories.
  • What defines a species?
    A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
  • What is a null hypothesis?
    A null hypothesis states there is no effect or difference in an experiment.
  • What is an alternative hypothesis?
    An alternative hypothesis proposes that there is an effect or difference.
  • Define a controlled experiment.
    A controlled experiment tests one variable while keeping others constant to determine cause and effect.
  • What are constants in an experiment?
    Constants are factors kept the same throughout an experiment to ensure a fair test.
  • Difference between independent and dependent variables.
    The independent variable is changed by the experimenter; the dependent variable is measured.
  • Qualitative vs quantitative data.
    Qualitative data describes qualities or characteristics; quantitative data involves numbers and measurements.
  • What is polarity in molecules?
    Polarity occurs when electrons are unevenly shared, creating partial charges in a molecule.
  • Define electronegativity.
    Electronegativity is an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
  • What are hydrogen bonds?
    Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen.
  • Explain cohesion.
    Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance, like water molecules sticking together.
  • Explain adhesion.
    Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances, such as water sticking to plant cells.
  • What is surface tension?
    Surface tension is the force that allows the surface of a liquid to resist external force due to cohesion.
  • Define capillary action.
    Capillary action is the movement of water upward through narrow spaces due to cohesion and adhesion.