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General Biology Key Concepts

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이 집합의 용어 (30)

  • Smallest unit of life
    The cell is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
  • Most common feedback mechanism in biology
    Negative feedback is the most common feedback mechanism in biological systems.
  • Main function of DNA
    DNA's main function is storing genetic information in cells.
  • Definition of an ecosystem
    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
  • Proteomics
    The study of sets of proteins and their properties, including abundance and interactions.
  • Structure containing genetic material
    A chromosome contains genetic material in the form of DNA.
  • Role of insulin in blood glucose regulation
    Insulin decreases blood glucose levels to maintain homeostasis.
  • Main source of energy for life on Earth
    Sunlight is the primary energy source for most life on Earth.
  • Emergent properties
    Properties that arise from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system as complexity increases.
  • Biosphere
    The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
  • Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
    Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, unlike eukaryotic cells.
  • Gene expression
    The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, often a protein.
  • Role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
    Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight to convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
  • Feedback regulation
    A process where the output of a system regulates that process, often through negative or positive feedback.
  • Difference between negative and positive feedback
    Negative feedback reduces the effect of the initial stimulus, while positive feedback amplifies it.
  • Domains of life
    The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
  • Eukarya domain includes
    All eukaryotic organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
  • Scientific explanation for unity and diversity of life
    Evolution explains how species accumulate differences and adapt over time.
  • Natural selection
    Process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more, leading to adaptation.
  • Scientific hypothesis
    A testable explanation based on observations that leads to predictions.
  • Controlled experiment
    An experiment comparing an experimental group with a control group differing in only one independent variable.
  • Independent variable
    The factor manipulated by researchers in an experiment.
  • Dependent variable
    The factor measured in an experiment, predicted to be affected by the independent variable.
  • Inductive reasoning
    Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations.
  • Deductive reasoning
    Predicting specific results from general premises to test hypotheses.
  • Model organism
    A species easy to grow in the lab used to understand biological processes applicable to others.
  • Peer review
    Evaluation of research results by other experts before publication to ensure validity.
  • Bioinformatics
    Use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze biological data.
  • Genome
    The complete set of an organism's genes and noncoding DNA sequences.
  • Prokaryotic cell
    A cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles; includes bacteria and archaea.