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Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life
Freeman - Biological Science 8th Edition
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Freeman 8th EditionCh. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life문제 7
2장, 문제 7

If you were given a solution that has a pH of 8.5, what would be its concentration of protons? What is the difference in proton concentration between this solution and one that has a pH of 7?

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1
Understand the relationship between pH and proton concentration: pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration. Mathematically, it is represented as pH = -log10[H+], where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter.
Calculate the proton concentration for the solution with pH 8.5: Use the formula [H+] = 10^(-pH). Substituting the given pH, [H+] = 10^(-8.5) = 3.16 x 10^-9 M.
Calculate the proton concentration for the solution with pH 7: Similarly, use the formula [H+] = 10^(-pH). For pH 7, [H+] = 10^(-7) = 1 x 10^-7 M.
Determine the difference in proton concentration between the two solutions: Subtract the proton concentration of the pH 8.5 solution from that of the pH 7 solution. Difference = 1 x 10^-7 M - 3.16 x 10^-9 M = 9.684 x 10^-8 M.
Interpret the result: The solution with pH 7 has a higher proton concentration compared to the solution with pH 8.5. The difference in proton concentration is 9.684 x 10^-8 M, indicating that the pH 7 solution is more acidic.

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주요 개념

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pH Scale

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity. Each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration, making it a logarithmic scale.
추천 영상:
11:05
pH Scale

Proton Concentration

Proton concentration in a solution is often expressed in terms of molarity, specifically as [H+]. The relationship between pH and proton concentration is given by the formula [H+] = 10^(-pH). Therefore, a higher pH corresponds to a lower concentration of protons, while a lower pH indicates a higher concentration.
추천 영상:
04:51
Concentration Gradients and Diffusion

Calculating Differences in Proton Concentration

To find the difference in proton concentration between two solutions with different pH values, one can calculate the [H+] for each pH using the formula mentioned above. For example, a solution with pH 8.5 has a lower proton concentration than one with pH 7, and the difference can be quantified by subtracting the two concentrations.
추천 영상:
04:51
Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
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What factors determine whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous or not?

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a. More heat is released when formaldehyde is produced compared to the production of acetic acid.

b. Compared to the reactants that it is formed from, formaldehyde has more potential energy than does acetic acid.

c. Entropy decreases when acetic acid is produced and increases when formaldehyde is produced.

d. Only acetic acid could be produced under conditions that existed in early Earth.

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a. C2H6O(ethanol)

b. C2H6(ethane)

c. C2H4O2(acetic acid)

d. C3H8O (propanol)

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From what you have learned about water, why do coastal regions tend to have milder climates with cooler summers and warmer winters than do inland areas at the same latitude?

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