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Hypothesis Testing: Means - Excel definitions

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이 집합의 용어 (15)

  • Null Hypothesis
    A statement asserting no effect or no difference, serving as the default claim tested against sample evidence.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    A claim suggesting a difference or effect, representing what the test seeks evidence to support.
  • Population Mean
    The average value of a variable for the entire group under study, often denoted by the Greek letter mu.
  • Sample Mean
    The average value calculated from observed data, used to estimate the population mean.
  • Population Standard Deviation
    A measure of variability for the entire population, symbolized by sigma, indicating spread around the mean.
  • Sample Standard Deviation
    A measure of variability within sample data, denoted as s, reflecting how data points differ from the sample mean.
  • Significance Level
    A threshold probability, often called alpha, used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis.
  • P-value
    The probability of observing data as extreme as the sample, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
  • Z-test
    A statistical method for testing means when the population standard deviation is known, using the normal distribution.
  • T-distribution
    A probability distribution used for hypothesis testing when the population standard deviation is unknown.
  • Degrees of Freedom
    A value, typically sample size minus one, that adjusts for sample variability in statistical calculations.
  • Test Statistic
    A calculated value summarizing sample data, used to determine the p-value in hypothesis testing.
  • Right-tail Probability
    The likelihood of observing a value greater than a specified point under the null hypothesis.
  • Left-tail Probability
    The likelihood of observing a value less than a specified point under the null hypothesis.
  • Statistical Inference
    The process of drawing conclusions about a population based on sample data and probability.