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Introduction to ANOVA definitions

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  • ANOVA
    A statistical method for comparing means across three or more groups to detect significant differences.
  • Variance
    A measure of data spread, calculated as the average squared deviation from the mean.
  • Between-group Variation
    The portion of total variability attributed to differences among group means.
  • Within-group Variation
    The portion of total variability due to differences within individual groups.
  • F-statistic
    A ratio used in ANOVA to compare between-group and within-group variation.
  • Null Hypothesis
    A statement proposing no difference among group means in the population.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    A statement suggesting at least one group mean differs from the others.
  • Significance Level
    A threshold probability for rejecting the null hypothesis, often set at 0.05.
  • P-value
    The probability of observing results as extreme as those measured, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
  • Mean Square
    A value found by dividing a sum of squares by its degrees of freedom in ANOVA.
  • Sum of Squares
    A total of squared differences used to quantify variation in ANOVA.
  • Degrees of Freedom
    The number of independent values that can vary in the calculation of a statistic.
  • Post Hoc Test
    A follow-up analysis to identify which group means differ after finding a significant ANOVA result.