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Phosphoinositide Signaling Pathways definitions

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  • Phosphoinositide
    A membrane lipid that, when cleaved or phosphorylated, initiates multiple intracellular signaling cascades.
  • G Protein-Coupled Receptor
    A cell surface protein that detects external signals and activates intracellular G proteins to relay messages.
  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
    A membrane receptor that, upon ligand binding, triggers phosphorylation events leading to diverse cellular responses.
  • Gq Protein
    A G protein subtype that, when activated, stimulates phospholipase C to propagate signaling.
  • Phospholipase C
    An enzyme that cleaves inositol phospholipids, generating molecules that further transmit signals inside the cell.
  • Inositol Trisphosphate
    A small molecule produced by lipid cleavage that releases calcium from internal stores into the cytoplasm.
  • Diacylglycerol
    A lipid-derived molecule that, together with calcium, activates protein kinase C to modulate cellular activities.
  • Calcium
    A versatile signaling ion whose cytoplasmic increase triggers processes like muscle contraction and secretion.
  • Protein Kinase C
    A kinase activated by diacylglycerol and calcium, responsible for phosphorylating various target proteins.
  • PI 3-Kinase
    An enzyme recruited to membranes that phosphorylates phosphoinositides, initiating survival and growth signals.
  • AKT
    A protein activated downstream of PI 3-kinase, regulating cell survival, growth, and metabolism.
  • P10 Phosphatase
    A phosphatase that terminates signaling by removing phosphates from phosphoinositides, inactivating the pathway.
  • Signaling Cascade
    A series of sequential molecular events amplifying and transmitting signals from receptors to cellular targets.
  • Cytokine Receptor
    A receptor type that, like RTKs, can activate phospholipase C to initiate intracellular signaling.