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Protein Kinase Receptors definitions

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  • Protein Kinase Receptor
    Transmembrane protein activated by ligand binding, triggering intracellular signaling via phosphorylation of specific amino acids.
  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
    Largest class of enzyme-coupled receptors that phosphorylate tyrosine residues upon dimerization and ligand binding.
  • Non-Receptor Kinase
    Cytosolic enzyme recruited to activated receptors, enabling phosphorylation events without being part of the receptor itself.
  • Transautophosphorylation
    Process where two dimerized receptors phosphorylate each other's cytosolic domains, amplifying the signal.
  • Adapter Protein
    Molecule that links different signaling proteins, facilitating the assembly of signaling complexes at activated receptors.
  • Docking Protein
    Molecule providing binding sites for other proteins at phosphorylated receptor regions, organizing downstream signaling.
  • Transcription Factor
    Protein recruited to phosphorylated receptors, later entering the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
  • SH2 Domain
    Amino acid sequence in signaling proteins that recognizes and binds phosphorylated tyrosines on activated receptors.
  • Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
    Cellular process internalizing receptors from the plasma membrane, reducing their signaling activity.
  • Lysosomal Degradation
    Pathway where internalized receptors are broken down, permanently terminating their signaling potential.
  • Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase
    Enzyme that removes phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosines, inactivating receptor signaling.
  • RAS Pathway
    Signaling cascade initiated by GTP-binding protein, central to cell proliferation and often mutated in cancers.
  • MAP Kinase Pathway
    Cascade involving sequential activation of kinases, ultimately regulating gene expression in response to extracellular signals.
  • PI3 Kinase Pathway
    Signaling route promoting cell survival by phosphorylating membrane lipids and activating AKT to inhibit apoptosis.
  • JAK-STAT Pathway
    Non-receptor tyrosine kinase cascade where cytokine binding leads to STAT activation and direct regulation of gene expression.