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Transporters definitions

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  • Transporter
    Protein enabling movement of specific molecules across membranes via conformational changes, functioning in passive or active transport.
  • ATP Driven Pump
    Protein utilizing ATP hydrolysis to move substances against concentration or electrical gradients, enabling primary active transport.
  • Coupled Pump
    Protein using energy from one molecule's gradient to transport another, facilitating indirect active transport without direct ATP use.
  • Symport
    Transport mechanism moving two molecules simultaneously in the same direction across a membrane.
  • Antiport
    Transport mechanism moving two molecules in opposite directions across a membrane.
  • Light Driven Pump
    Protein using light energy to transport molecules, such as protons, across membranes, exemplified by bacteriorhodopsin.
  • P Pump
    ATPase forming a phosphorylated intermediate during ion transport, exemplified by the sodium-potassium pump.
  • V Pump
    Organelle membrane protein transporting hydrogen ions to acidify compartments like lysosomes and vacuoles.
  • F Pump
    Protein complex, also known as ATP synthase, generating ATP by utilizing hydrogen ion gradients across membranes.
  • ABC Transporter
    Largest superfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins moving small molecules across membranes in all domains of life.
  • Sodium-Glucose Symporter
    Membrane protein enabling glucose uptake into cells by coupling it with sodium ion movement, even against glucose gradients.
  • Bacteriorhodopsin
    Archaeal protein using light-activated retinol to pump protons out of the cell, creating a proton gradient.
  • Multidrug Resistant Protein
    ABC transporter subgroup expelling drugs from cells, contributing to chemotherapy and antibiotic resistance.
  • Phosphorylated Intermediate
    Temporary state in certain ATPases where a phosphate group is covalently attached during the transport cycle.
  • Proton Motive Force
    Electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions across a membrane, driving ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.