Ch. 8 - Sequences, Induction, and Probability

Blitzer8th EditionCollege AlgebraISBN: 9780136970514당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Blitzer 8th Edition

Ch. 8 - Sequences, Induction, and Probability

문제 72

9장, 문제 72

Evaluate the expression. permutation notation the number of permutations 8 things taken 3 at a time (sub 8)P(sub 3)

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Understand the permutation formula: The number of permutations of n things taken r at a time is given by the formula:

P (n, r) = \frac{n!}{(n - r)!}

, where n! is the factorial of n.

Identify the values of n and r from the problem: Here, n = 8 and r = 3. This means we are calculating the number of permutations of 8 things taken 3 at a time.

Substitute the values of n and r into the formula:

P (8, 3) = \frac{8!}{(8 - 3)!}

Simplify the denominator: Calculate

8 - 3 = 5

, so the formula becomes:

\frac{8!}{5!}

Simplify the factorials: Expand the numerator and denominator. The numerator is

8 \times 7 \times 6 \times 5!

, and the denominator is

5!

. Cancel out the common

5!

terms, leaving

8 \times 7 \times 6

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주요 개념

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Permutations

Permutations refer to the different ways in which a set of items can be arranged or ordered. In mathematics, the number of permutations of 'n' items taken 'r' at a time is calculated using the formula P(n, r) = n! / (n - r)!, where 'n!' denotes the factorial of 'n'. This concept is crucial for understanding how to count arrangements when the order of selection matters.

Factorial

The factorial of a non-negative integer 'n', denoted as 'n!', is the product of all positive integers up to 'n'. For example, 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120. Factorials are fundamental in permutations and combinations, as they provide the necessary counts of arrangements and selections in various mathematical contexts.

Combination vs. Permutation

While both permutations and combinations deal with selecting items from a set, the key difference lies in the importance of order. Permutations consider the arrangement of items as significant, while combinations do not. Understanding this distinction is essential when determining which formula to apply in problems involving selections of items.

Evaluate the expression. *permutation notation* the number of permutations 8 things taken 3 at a time (sub 8)P(sub 3)