Identify the subatomic particles mentioned: alpha particle, proton, neutron, and electron.
Recall that an alpha particle is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, so its mass is roughly the sum of these nucleons, making it much heavier than individual protons or neutrons.
Understand that protons and neutrons have similar masses, each approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
Recognize that electrons are fundamental particles with a mass about 1/1836 that of a proton, making them significantly lighter than protons and neutrons.
Conclude that among the given options, the electron has the smallest mass.