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Multiple Choice
Which of the following conditions will result in a spontaneous reaction at standard conditions according to the Gibbs free energy equation ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn - TΔS°rxn?
A
ΔH°rxn is positive and ΔS°rxn is positive
B
ΔH°rxn is positive and ΔS°rxn is negative
C
ΔH°rxn is negative and ΔS°rxn is negative
D
ΔH°rxn is negative and ΔS°rxn is positive
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1
Understand the Gibbs free energy equation: ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn - TΔS°rxn. This equation helps determine the spontaneity of a reaction at standard conditions.
Recall that for a reaction to be spontaneous, ΔG°rxn must be negative. This means the reaction can proceed without external input.
Analyze the effect of ΔH°rxn and ΔS°rxn on ΔG°rxn. A negative ΔH°rxn (exothermic reaction) contributes to a negative ΔG°rxn, favoring spontaneity.
Consider the role of ΔS°rxn. A positive ΔS°rxn (increase in disorder) also contributes to a negative ΔG°rxn, especially at higher temperatures, as the term TΔS°rxn becomes more significant.
Combine these insights: A reaction with ΔH°rxn negative and ΔS°rxn positive will likely result in a negative ΔG°rxn, indicating a spontaneous reaction at standard conditions.