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Multiple Choice
When 5.03 g of solid potassium hydroxide (KOH) are dissolved in enough distilled water to give 100 mL of solution in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature of the liquid increases from 23.0°C to 34.7°C. Based on this observation, is the dissolution of KOH in water an endothermic or exothermic reaction?
A
Exothermic
B
Endothermic
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1
Identify the type of reaction: When a substance dissolves in water and the temperature of the solution increases, it indicates that heat is being released into the surroundings. This is characteristic of an exothermic reaction.
Understand the calorimetry concept: In a coffee-cup calorimeter, the heat absorbed or released by the solution is assumed to be equal to the heat change of the reaction, as the system is isolated.
Calculate the heat change: Use the formula \( q = m \cdot c \cdot \Delta T \), where \( q \) is the heat absorbed or released, \( m \) is the mass of the solution, \( c \) is the specific heat capacity of water (approximately 4.18 J/g°C), and \( \Delta T \) is the change in temperature.
Determine the sign of \( q \): Since the temperature of the solution increases, \( \Delta T \) is positive, making \( q \) positive, which indicates that heat is released by the system (exothermic process).
Conclude the nature of the reaction: Based on the positive \( q \) value and the increase in temperature, the dissolution of KOH in water is an exothermic reaction.