Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lithium (Li) and chlorine gas (Cl₂) to form lithium chloride (LiCl)?
A
Li(s) + Cl₂(g) → LiCl₂(s)
B
2 Li(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2 LiCl(s)
C
Li(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2 LiCl(s)
D
2 Li(s) + 2 Cl₂(g) → 2 LiCl₂(s)
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1
Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction. Here, lithium (Li) and chlorine gas (Cl₂) are the reactants, and lithium chloride (LiCl) is the product.
Write the unbalanced chemical equation using the chemical symbols: Li(s) + Cl₂(g) → LiCl(s).
Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. Initially, there is 1 Li atom and 2 Cl atoms on the reactant side, and 1 Li atom and 1 Cl atom on the product side.
Balance the equation by adjusting coefficients to ensure the same number of each type of atom on both sides. To balance the chlorine atoms, place a coefficient of 2 in front of LiCl: Li(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2 LiCl(s).
Finally, balance the lithium atoms by placing a coefficient of 2 in front of Li on the reactant side: 2 Li(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2 LiCl(s). Now, the equation is balanced with 2 Li atoms and 2 Cl atoms on both sides.