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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

    The three main subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  • What is the charge and relative mass of a proton?

    A proton has a positive charge (+1) and a relative mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

  • What is the charge and relative mass of a neutron?

    A neutron has no charge (neutral) and a relative mass of approximately 1 amu.

  • What is the charge and relative mass of an electron?

    An electron has a negative charge (-1) and a relative mass of about 1/1836 amu, which is negligible compared to protons and neutrons.

  • Define atomic number.

    The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus and defines the element.

  • Define mass number.

    The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

  • What are isotopes?

    Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

  • What is electron configuration?

    Electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells or energy levels.

  • What are atomic shells?

    Atomic shells are energy levels around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.

  • Who proposed the early atomic model involving a nucleus?

    Ernest Rutherford proposed the early atomic model with a dense, positively charged nucleus.

  • What does the atomic number determine about an atom?

    The atomic number determines the element's identity and its position on the periodic table.

  • How do isotopes of an element differ in physical properties?

    Isotopes have different masses, which can affect physical properties like density and stability.

  • Why is the electron's mass considered negligible?

    Because an electron's mass is about 1/1836 that of a proton, it has little effect on the atom's total mass.

  • What is the significance of neutrons in the nucleus?

    Neutrons add mass and help stabilize the nucleus by reducing proton-proton repulsion.

  • How does electron configuration relate to chemical properties?

    Electron configuration determines how atoms interact and bond, influencing chemical behavior.

  • What is the relative charge of the nucleus?

    The nucleus has a positive charge equal to the number of protons it contains.

  • What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrate?

    It showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around it.

  • How are electrons arranged in shells?

    Electrons fill shells starting from the lowest energy level outward, following specific capacity rules.

  • What is the relationship between atomic number and number of electrons in a neutral atom?

    In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the atomic number (number of protons).

  • Why are isotopes important in chemistry?

    Isotopes are used in dating, tracing chemical pathways, and medical diagnostics due to their unique nuclear properties.