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General Chemistry: Periodic Table Basics

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is the periodic table?
    The periodic table is a chart that organizes all known chemical elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.
  • How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
    Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number from left to right and top to bottom.
  • What are periods in the periodic table?
    Periods are the horizontal rows in the periodic table, indicating elements with the same number of electron shells.
  • What are groups or families in the periodic table?
    Groups or families are the vertical columns, containing elements with similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons.
  • What defines the chemical properties of an element?
    The number of valence electrons primarily determines an element's chemical properties.
  • What are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?
    Metals are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable; nonmetals are poor conductors and brittle; metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
  • Where are alkali metals located on the periodic table?
    Alkali metals are in Group 1, excluding hydrogen, and are highly reactive metals.
  • What are halogens?
    Halogens are elements in Group 17, known for being highly reactive nonmetals.
  • What is the significance of noble gases?
    Noble gases in Group 18 are inert gases with a full valence shell, making them very stable and unreactive.
  • How does atomic radius change across a period?
    Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer.
  • How does atomic radius change down a group?
    Atomic radius generally increases down a group because additional electron shells are added.
  • What is ionization energy?
    Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.
  • How does ionization energy change across a period?
    Ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period due to stronger nuclear attraction.
  • How does ionization energy change down a group?
    Ionization energy generally decreases down a group because electrons are farther from the nucleus and easier to remove.
  • What is electronegativity?
    Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
  • How does electronegativity change across a period?
    Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period.
  • How does electronegativity change down a group?
    Electronegativity generally decreases down a group.
  • What is the relationship between valence electrons and group number for main group elements?
    For main group elements, the group number corresponds to the number of valence electrons.
  • What is the significance of the periodic law?
    The periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
  • What are transition metals?
    Transition metals are elements in groups 3-12, characterized by partially filled d orbitals and variable oxidation states.