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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Brown 14th EditionCh.13 - Properties of Solutions문제 93a
13장, 문제 93a

Most fish need at least 4 ppm dissolved O2 in water for survival. (a) What is this concentration in mol/L?

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Step 1: Understand that ppm stands for parts per million. This means that for every million parts of a solution, there are 4 parts of O2.
Step 2: Convert the given concentration from ppm to g/L. Since 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 mg/L, 4 ppm of O2 is equivalent to 4 mg/L.
Step 3: Convert the mass in mg to g. Remember that 1 g = 1000 mg, so 4 mg = 0.004 g.
Step 4: Calculate the molar mass of O2. The atomic mass of oxygen is approximately 16 g/mol, so the molar mass of O2 (which consists of two oxygen atoms) is 32 g/mol.
Step 5: Use the formula for molarity, which is moles of solute divided by liters of solution. In this case, the solute is O2 and the solution is water. Convert the mass of O2 in g to moles by dividing by the molar mass, and then divide by the volume of the solution in liters to find the molarity in mol/L.

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주요 개념

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Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the amount of oxygen that is present in water, which is crucial for aquatic life. The concentration of DO is typically measured in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). For fish, a minimum concentration of 4 ppm is necessary for survival, indicating the importance of oxygen availability in aquatic ecosystems.
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Calculate Concentration of the Basic Form

Molarity (mol/L)

Molarity is a way to express concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). It is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows for the quantification of substances in a solution. To convert ppm to molarity, one must consider the molar mass of the solute and the density of the solution, as ppm is a mass-based measurement.
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Molarity

Conversion between ppm and molarity

To convert a concentration from ppm to molarity, the formula used is: molarity (mol/L) = (ppm / molar mass of solute) × (1/1000). This conversion is essential for understanding how mass-based concentrations relate to the number of moles in a given volume, which is critical for chemical calculations and understanding biological needs in aquatic environments.
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01:11
PPM Calculation Example
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교과서 질문

The presence of the radioactive gas radon (Rn) in well water presents a possible health hazard in parts of the United States. (a) Assuming that the solubility of radon in water with 1 atm pressure of the gas over the water at 30 °C is 7.27⨉10-3 M, what is the Henry's law constant for radon in water at this temperature?

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교과서 질문

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교과서 질문

Most fish need at least 4 ppm dissolved O2 in water for survival. (b) What partial pressure of O2 above water is needed to obtain 4 ppm O2 in water at 10 °C? (The Henry's law constant for O2 at this temperature is 1.71⨉10-3 mol/L-atm.)

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교과서 질문

A supersaturated solution of sucrose (C12H22O11) is made by dissolving sucrose in hot water and slowly letting the solution cool to room temperature. After a long time, the excess sucrose crystallizes out of the solution. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false: (b) After the excess sucrose has crystallized out, the system is now unstable and is not in equilibrium.

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