The iodide ion reacts with hypochlorite ion (the active ingredient in chlorine bleaches) in the following way: OCl^- + I^- → OI^- + Cl^- . This rapid reaction gives the following rate data:
[OCl₄^-] (M) [I^-] (M) Initial Rate (M,s)
1.5 * 10-3 1.5 * 10-3
1.36 * 10-4 3.0 * 10-3 1.5 * 10-3 2.72 * 10-4
1.5 * 10-3 3.0 * 10-3 2.72 * 10-4 (c) Calculate the rate when [OCl^-] = 2.0 * 10-3 M and [I^-] = 5.0 * 10 - 4 M.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the rate law for the reaction. The general form is: Rate = k[OCl^-]^m[I^-]^n, where k is the rate constant, and m and n are the reaction orders with respect to OCl^- and I^- respectively.

Use the given data to determine the reaction orders m and n. Compare the initial rates and concentrations from the experiments to find the values of m and n.

Once m and n are determined, use the data from one of the experiments to solve for the rate constant k.

Substitute the values of k, m, n, and the given concentrations [OCl^-] = 2.0 * 10^-3 M and [I^-] = 5.0 * 10^-4 M into the rate law equation.

Calculate the rate using the rate law equation with the substituted values.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Rate of Reaction

The rate of a chemical reaction measures how quickly reactants are converted into products. It is typically expressed in terms of concentration change over time, such as molarity per second (M/s). Understanding the rate is crucial for predicting how changes in concentration of reactants affect the speed of the reaction, which is essential for solving the given problem.

Rate Law

The rate law is an equation that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentration of its reactants, typically in the form Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, and m and n are the reaction orders with respect to each reactant. Determining the rate law from experimental data allows us to predict how varying concentrations will influence the reaction rate, which is necessary for calculating the rate under new conditions.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced chemical equations. It provides the quantitative relationships between substances, allowing for the determination of how much of each reactant is needed or how much product will be formed. In this context, stoichiometry helps in understanding how the concentrations of OCl⁻ and I⁻ will affect the overall reaction rate.