교과서 질문
Which of the following reactions in the stratosphere cause an increase in temperature there? (a) O(g) + O2(g) → O3+(g) (b) O3*(g) + M(g) → O3(g) + M*(g) (c) O2(g) + hv → 2 O(g) (d) O(g) + N2(g) → NO(g) + N(g) (e) All of the above
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Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
18장, 문제 25
(a) What is the difference between chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons?
검증된 단계별 안내1
Understand the basic structure of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). CFCs contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms, while HFCs contain carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine atoms.
Recognize that the presence of chlorine in CFCs makes them more harmful to the ozone layer compared to HFCs, which do not contain chlorine.
Note that CFCs were widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and as propellants in aerosol sprays, but their production has been largely phased out due to their ozone-depleting potential.
Understand that HFCs were developed as a replacement for CFCs because they do not deplete the ozone layer, although they are potent greenhouse gases.
Consider the environmental impact of both compounds: CFCs contribute to ozone depletion, while HFCs contribute to global warming, leading to ongoing research for more sustainable alternatives.
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Chlorofluorocarbons are organic compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. They were commonly used as refrigerants, propellants, and solvents. However, CFCs are known to deplete the ozone layer, leading to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Due to their environmental impact, many CFCs have been phased out under international agreements like the Montreal Protocol.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Hydrofluorocarbons are a class of compounds that contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. Unlike CFCs, HFCs do not contain chlorine and therefore do not deplete the ozone layer. They are often used as substitutes for CFCs in refrigeration and air conditioning. However, HFCs are potent greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming, which has led to calls for their regulation and reduction.
Environmental Impact
The environmental impact of chemical compounds like CFCs and HFCs is crucial for understanding their use and regulation. CFCs contribute to ozone layer depletion, which increases UV radiation exposure, while HFCs, although ozone-friendly, are significant greenhouse gases. Understanding these impacts is essential for evaluating the sustainability of these compounds and the need for alternatives in industrial applications.
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Significant Figures in Addition and Subtraction
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교과서 질문
The ultraviolet spectrum can be divided into three regions based on wavelength: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). (c) When appropriate concentrations of ozone are present in the stratosphere, is all of the UV light absorbed before reaching the Earth’s surface? If not, which region or regions are not filtered out?