Heart pacemakers are often powered by lithium–silver chromate 'button' batteries. The overall cell reaction is 2 Li(s) + Ag₂CrO₄(s) → Li₂CrO₄(s) + 2 Ag(s) (a) Lithium metal is the reactant at one of the electrodes of the battery. Is it the anode or the cathode?

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Identify the role of lithium in the cell reaction: \(2 \text{Li}_{(s)} + \text{Ag}_2\text{CrO}_4_{(s)} \rightarrow \text{Li}_2\text{CrO}_4_{(s)} + 2 \text{Ag}_{(s)}\).

Determine which species is oxidized and which is reduced. Lithium goes from \(0\) to \(+1\) oxidation state, indicating oxidation.

Recall that oxidation occurs at the anode. Therefore, the electrode where lithium is oxidized is the anode.

Understand that the anode is where the oxidation reaction takes place, and electrons are released.

Conclude that since lithium is oxidized, it is the anode in this electrochemical cell.

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Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. They consist of two electrodes: the anode, where oxidation occurs, and the cathode, where reduction takes place. Understanding the flow of electrons and the reactions at each electrode is crucial for analyzing battery function.

Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, while reduction is the gain of electrons. In the context of batteries, the anode undergoes oxidation, releasing electrons that flow through the circuit to the cathode, where reduction occurs. Identifying which species is oxidized or reduced helps determine the roles of the electrodes.

Lithium in Batteries

Lithium is commonly used in batteries due to its high electrochemical potential and light weight. In the given reaction, lithium metal is oxidized to lithium ions at the anode, providing a source of electrons. This characteristic makes lithium an essential component in the design and function of lithium-based batteries.

Heart pacemakers are often powered by lithium–silver chromate 'button' batteries. The overall cell reaction is 2 Li(s) + Ag2CrO4(s) → Li2CrO4(s) + 2 Ag(s) (a) Lithium metal is the reactant at one of the electrodes of the battery. Is it the anode or the cathode?